R1CS

Definition

R1CS, or Rank-1 Constraint System, is a mathematical framework used to represent arbitrary computations in a form suitable for zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs). It translates a program’s logic into a series of quadratic equations, where each equation involves products of linear combinations of variables. This representation is a fundamental step in converting a high-level program into a format that cryptographic proof systems can efficiently process. It provides a standardized algebraic representation for complex logic.