MPC Multi-Party Computation
Multi-party computation is a subfield of cryptography that allows multiple parties to jointly compute a function over their inputs while keeping those inputs private. In the context of digital assets, MPC is used to perform signing operations without revealing the underlying private key.
Each participant holds a piece of the key, and they engage in a secure protocol to generate the signature. The key is never fully assembled in any single device's memory.
This protects against remote attacks and provides a high degree of flexibility in how keys are managed. MPC can be integrated with existing blockchain protocols without requiring changes to the network consensus.
It is a powerful tool for building non-custodial solutions that still offer institutional-grade security. The protocol relies on complex cryptographic interactions that ensure correctness and privacy.