Token Rehypothecation
Token rehypothecation is the practice where collateral received from a user is subsequently pledged by the protocol as collateral for another obligation. This creates a multiplier effect on the total leverage in the system, but it also creates massive systemic risk.
If the original collateral is withdrawn or lost, the chain of obligations becomes unsustainable. In crypto, this often happens within yield aggregators or complex lending loops where tokens are recycled through multiple protocols to maximize returns.
While it boosts liquidity, it obscures the true level of leverage in the system. When a market downturn occurs, the complexity of these rehypothecated chains makes it difficult to determine who actually owns the underlying assets, leading to widespread confusion and panic.