Definition

Sandwich Attack

Meaning ⎊ Trapping a user trade between two attacker transactions to profit from the induced price slippage.
Greeks.liveApril 13, 2026

Sandwich Attack

A sandwich attack is a specific type of frontrunning where an attacker surrounds a victim's transaction with two of their own transactions. First, the attacker buys an asset just before the victim's trade, which pushes the price of the asset up.

The victim's trade then executes at this higher price, causing significant slippage for the victim. Finally, the attacker sells the asset immediately after the victim's trade, capturing the profit from the price increase caused by the victim's order.

This strategy effectively traps the victim in the middle, forcing them to execute at a disadvantageous price. Sandwich attacks are highly prevalent in automated market makers and represent a significant cost to retail traders who do not use protective measures.

It is a classic example of exploiting information asymmetry in the mempool.

Decentralized Exchange
Liquidation Risk Management
Sybil Attack Resistance
Trading Expenses
Flash Loan Attack Prevention
Liquidity Provider
Cross-Chain Replay Attack Prevention
Flash Loan Attack Simulation

Glossary

AMMs

Architecture ⎊ Automated Market Makers represent a fundamental shift in exchange design, moving away from traditional order book models to liquidity pools governed by algorithmic formulas.

Total Attack Cost

Cost ⎊ The Total Attack Cost represents the aggregate financial burden incurred when executing a coordinated and malicious strategy aimed at manipulating or disrupting a cryptocurrency, options, or derivatives market.

Liquidation Engine Attack

Algorithm ⎊ A Liquidation Engine Attack exploits vulnerabilities within the automated liquidation protocols of decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms, particularly those utilizing over-collateralized loan positions.

Systemic Risk Assessment Methodologies

Algorithm ⎊ ⎊ Systemic Risk Assessment Methodologies increasingly rely on algorithmic approaches to model complex interdependencies within cryptocurrency markets, options trading, and financial derivatives.

51% Attack Cost

Cost ⎊ A 51% Attack Cost represents the economic expenditure required to gain control of a majority of the hashing power within a Proof-of-Work blockchain network, enabling the attacker to manipulate transaction history.

Attack Vectors

Action ⎊ Attack vectors, within cryptocurrency, options trading, and financial derivatives, represent the specific pathways or methods leveraged by malicious actors to compromise systems, exploit vulnerabilities, or illicitly gain advantage.

Value Redistribution

Action ⎊ Value redistribution, within cryptocurrency and derivatives, represents a dynamic shift in economic benefit stemming from protocol mechanisms or market participant strategies.

DAO Attack

Vulnerability ⎊ A DAO attack exploits vulnerabilities within a decentralized autonomous organization's smart contract code or governance structure to gain unauthorized control or extract funds.

Volatility Risk Assessment Software

Algorithm ⎊ Volatility Risk Assessment Software leverages sophisticated quantitative algorithms to model and forecast potential losses arising from fluctuations in asset prices.

Attack Option Strike Price

Price ⎊ The Attack Option Strike Price represents a predetermined level at which an option contract holder can buy or sell an underlying cryptocurrency asset, forming a critical component in derivative strategies.