MEV Extraction Tactics
MEV, or Maximal Extractable Value, refers to the profit that validators or miners can extract from users by reordering, including, or excluding transactions in a block. Tactics include front-running, where a bot detects a large trade and places its own order before it to profit from the price move, and sandwiching, where a bot places orders on both sides of a user's trade.
These tactics are highly competitive and rely on sophisticated technical infrastructure. While they can improve market efficiency by capturing arbitrage, they also represent an adversarial cost to regular users who experience worse execution prices.
MEV extraction is a central topic in blockchain research because it impacts the fairness and decentralization of the network. It represents a form of invisible tax on users that is built into the protocol's consensus mechanism.