Memory-Hard Functions

Memory-hard functions are cryptographic algorithms designed to require a significant amount of memory to compute, making them resistant to specialized hardware like ASICs. By forcing the computation to consume large amounts of RAM, these functions level the playing field between common hardware and specialized mining rigs.

In the context of blockchain security, they are often used in proof-of-work consensus mechanisms to maintain decentralization. Their implementation requires careful balancing, as overly demanding memory requirements can hinder the performance of legitimate network participants while trying to thwart malicious actors.