Liquidity Slippage
Liquidity slippage occurs when the execution price of a trade differs from the expected price at the time the order was placed. This phenomenon is prevalent in markets with low order book depth, where a large buy or sell order exhausts the available liquidity at the best bid or ask price.
As the order moves through the order book to find sufficient volume, the average price worsens, negatively impacting the trader's net result. In the context of derivatives and crypto, slippage is a major risk factor for arbitrageurs who rely on precise entry and exit prices.
Market makers and high-frequency traders often calculate expected slippage as part of their cost model. To mitigate this, traders may use limit orders rather than market orders, though this risks the order not being filled entirely.
Large orders can also trigger cascading liquidations if they hit stop-loss levels in the order book. Understanding slippage is essential for accurate modeling of expected returns in any quantitative trading strategy.