Garbled Circuits
Garbled Circuits are a specific protocol used in Secure Function Evaluation to enable two parties to compute a function privately. One party creates an encrypted version of a boolean circuit representing the function, while the other party evaluates it without knowing the actual input values.
In financial derivatives, this allows for private valuation of complex options contracts where neither the buyer nor the seller needs to disclose their specific valuation parameters. The input wires are encrypted such that only the final output can be decrypted by the parties involved.
This approach is fundamental for secure multi-party trading platforms. It ensures that the logic of a trade execution remains confidential even while the result is publicly verified on a blockchain.