Gamma Sensitivity
Gamma sensitivity, often referred to simply as gamma, measures the rate of change of an option's delta with respect to changes in the underlying asset price. It is a second-order Greek that indicates how much an option's hedge ratio will change as the market moves.
High gamma positions are highly sensitive to price changes, meaning the delta of the position shifts rapidly, requiring frequent rebalancing. Traders who are long gamma benefit from increased volatility, while those who are short gamma are exposed to risks when the market moves quickly.
This sensitivity is highest for at-the-money options nearing expiration. Managing gamma is crucial for market makers who need to remain delta-neutral to avoid directional risk.
It essentially defines the cost and frequency of maintaining a hedged position.