FIFO Accounting Method
FIFO, or First-In-First-Out, is an accounting method that assumes the assets purchased first are the ones sold first. This method is the default for many tax authorities when calculating capital gains for digital assets.
By selling the oldest assets first, the investor typically realizes older cost bases, which can impact the amount of capital gains tax owed. In a rising market, FIFO generally results in higher taxable gains because the older assets often have a lower cost basis.
Conversely, in a falling market, it may result in smaller gains or larger losses. Understanding FIFO is critical because it dictates the tax outcome of every trade.
Investors must maintain chronological records of all purchases to correctly apply this method. It is a rigid approach that does not allow for the strategic selection of specific lots for tax optimization.