Curvature Risk
Curvature risk, often associated with gamma, is the risk that the relationship between an option's price and the underlying asset's price is not linear. Because options have a non-linear payoff, a small change in the underlying price can lead to a disproportionately large change in the option's price.
This curvature becomes more pronounced for at-the-money options as they approach expiration. Traders must account for this risk when constructing portfolios, as it can lead to unexpected losses if not properly hedged.
Managing curvature risk often involves using other options to offset the gamma exposure of the main positions. It is a fundamental aspect of derivative trading that distinguishes options from linear instruments like futures or stocks.