Collateral Value Decay
Collateral value decay occurs when the market value of the assets used to back a leveraged position declines, weakening the position's solvency. In crypto, this is often rapid due to the inherent volatility of digital assets.
As the value of the collateral drops, the collateralization ratio decreases, moving the position closer to the liquidation threshold. This creates a psychological and financial pressure on the trader, who must either add more collateral or close the position.
If many traders experience this simultaneously, it can lead to a broad market downturn. Collateral value decay is a constant risk factor in any system that uses volatile assets to back stable or leveraged debt.
Protocols must account for this by applying haircuts or over-collateralization requirements to mitigate the impact of price drops.