Collateral Haircut Risk
Collateral haircut risk is the possibility that the value of an asset used to secure a loan or a derivative position will be adjusted downward by a lender or protocol, necessitating the borrower to provide additional collateral or face liquidation. In volatile markets like cryptocurrency, protocols apply a haircut ⎊ a percentage reduction from the market value ⎊ to assets based on their perceived risk and volatility to ensure the loan remains over-collateralized.
If market conditions deteriorate rapidly, the protocol may increase these haircut requirements to protect against insolvency. This creates a feedback loop where borrowers are forced to sell assets to meet margin calls, further driving down prices and triggering additional liquidations.
Understanding this risk is essential for managing leverage, as a sudden change in risk parameters can turn a healthy position into an under-collateralized one without any change in the borrower's behavior.