Barrier Option
A barrier option is a type of derivative where the payoff depends on whether the underlying asset price reaches a certain level, known as the barrier, during the life of the contract. If the price touches the barrier, the option may either be activated, known as a knock-in, or deactivated, known as a knock-out.
These instruments allow traders to tailor their exposure more precisely than standard options by effectively capping or creating potential gains based on price movements. They are common in crypto markets to manage exposure to extreme volatility or to create leveraged bets that expire worthless if the price stays within a range.
Because the payout is contingent on the price path, they are more complex to price and hedge than vanilla options. Barrier options require sophisticated risk management to handle the discontinuous jump in delta as the asset price nears the barrier.