ADL or Auto-Deleveraging
Auto-deleveraging (ADL) is a risk management mechanism used by exchanges when the insurance fund is insufficient to cover the losses of liquidated positions. In this scenario, the exchange automatically closes the positions of the most profitable traders against the bankrupt positions to balance the books.
This is a last-resort measure because it forces successful traders to exit their positions involuntarily, potentially causing them to lose out on future gains. ADL is designed to maintain the overall solvency of the exchange and protect the system from collapse.
While unpopular among traders, it provides a transparent and algorithmic way to resolve bankruptcy risk, ensuring that the platform can continue operating even during catastrophic market failures where counterparty risk becomes extreme.