Non-Linear Volatility Effects

Volatility

This describes the non-constant nature of price fluctuations, where the expected future variance of an asset is not static but changes based on current price levels, trading volume, or time to option expiry. Standard models often fail to capture this dynamic, leading to mispricing of deep out-of-the-money options or underestimation of tail risk. Sophisticated analysis incorporates local or stochastic volatility surfaces.