No-Arbitrage Constraints

Principle

No-arbitrage constraints represent a foundational principle in financial economics, asserting that in an efficient market, it is impossible to generate risk-free profit by exploiting price discrepancies between related assets. This principle dictates that the price of a derivative must be consistent with the price of its underlying asset, adjusted for factors like interest rates and time to expiration. Violations of this constraint create arbitrage opportunities that are quickly exploited by market participants, restoring equilibrium.