# Long Short-Term Memory Networks ⎊ Area ⎊ Resource 1 --- ## What is the Algorithm of Long Short-Term Memory Networks? Long Short-Term Memory Networks (LSTMs) represent a sophisticated recurrent neural network architecture designed to address the vanishing gradient problem inherent in traditional recurrent networks when processing sequential data. These networks incorporate memory cells equipped with gating mechanisms—input, forget, and output gates—that regulate the flow of information, enabling them to learn long-range dependencies within time series. Within cryptocurrency markets, LSTMs are particularly valuable for analyzing price patterns, identifying trends, and forecasting future movements, considering the non-linear and often volatile nature of digital assets. Their ability to retain relevant historical data makes them suitable for modeling complex relationships in options pricing and financial derivatives, where past price action significantly influences current valuations. ## What is the Application of Long Short-Term Memory Networks? The application of LSTMs extends to diverse areas within cryptocurrency, options trading, and financial derivatives, including automated trading strategy development and risk management. In crypto derivatives, LSTMs can be employed to predict volatility, assess margin requirements, and optimize hedging strategies. For options traders, these networks can assist in pricing models, identifying arbitrage opportunities, and managing portfolio risk by forecasting implied volatility surfaces. Furthermore, LSTMs find utility in detecting anomalous trading behavior and identifying potential market manipulation, contributing to enhanced market surveillance and regulatory compliance. ## What is the Analysis of Long Short-Term Memory Networks? Analyzing data streams with Long Short-Term Memory Networks requires careful consideration of feature engineering and model validation. Input features often include historical price data, trading volume, order book dynamics, and sentiment analysis derived from social media or news sources. Rigorous backtesting and out-of-sample validation are crucial to assess the model's predictive accuracy and robustness, particularly given the non-stationary nature of financial markets. The performance of LSTMs is also sensitive to hyperparameter tuning, necessitating techniques like grid search or Bayesian optimization to achieve optimal results. --- ## [Volatility Term Structure](https://term.greeks.live/definition/volatility-term-structure/) The relationship between implied volatility and time to expiration, showing how the market prices volatility over time. ⎊ Definition ## [Decentralized Oracle Networks](https://term.greeks.live/definition/decentralized-oracle-networks/) Systems that aggregate data from multiple independent sources to provide secure and accurate information to smart contracts. ⎊ Definition ## [Term Structure](https://term.greeks.live/definition/term-structure/) The relationship between futures prices and their respective expiration dates. ⎊ Definition ## [Oracle Networks](https://term.greeks.live/definition/oracle-networks/) Decentralized systems that provide external real-world data to blockchain smart contracts for automated execution. ⎊ Definition ## [Keeper Networks](https://term.greeks.live/term/keeper-networks/) Meaning ⎊ Keeper Networks are the automated execution layer for decentralized finance, ensuring protocol solvency by managing liquidations and settlements based on off-chain data. ⎊ Definition ## [Short Call Option](https://term.greeks.live/term/short-call-option/) Meaning ⎊ A short call option obligates the writer to sell an asset at a set price, offering limited premium profit against potentially unlimited loss, making it a key instrument for risk transfer and yield generation in crypto markets. ⎊ Definition ## [Short Gamma Exposure](https://term.greeks.live/definition/short-gamma-exposure/) Options position where delta hedging requires selling into weakness and buying into strength, amplifying price trends. ⎊ Definition ## [Long Short Positions](https://term.greeks.live/term/long-short-positions/) Meaning ⎊ Long short positions define the asymmetric risk transfer mechanism fundamental to crypto options markets, allowing for precise risk management through combined strategies. ⎊ Definition ## [Short Gamma Position](https://term.greeks.live/term/short-gamma-position/) Meaning ⎊ Short gamma positions in crypto options are characterized by negative delta sensitivity, requiring counter-trend hedging that can amplify market volatility during price movements. ⎊ Definition ## [Short Options](https://term.greeks.live/term/short-options/) Meaning ⎊ Short options are foundational financial instruments that allow sellers to monetize time decay and implied volatility by accepting asymmetrical risk in exchange for an upfront premium. ⎊ Definition ## [Short Option Position](https://term.greeks.live/term/short-option-position/) Meaning ⎊ A short option position is a high-risk strategy where the seller receives a premium in exchange for accepting the obligation to fulfill the contract, profiting from time decay and low volatility. ⎊ Definition ## [Short-Term Forecasting](https://term.greeks.live/term/short-term-forecasting/) Meaning ⎊ Short-term forecasting in crypto options analyzes market microstructure and on-chain data to calculate price movement probability distributions over narrow time horizons, essential for dynamic risk management and capital efficiency in high-volatility markets. ⎊ Definition ## [Term Structure of Interest Rates](https://term.greeks.live/definition/term-structure-of-interest-rates/) The relationship between interest rates and time to maturity, showing market expectations for future rate paths. ⎊ Definition ## [Long Gamma Short Vega](https://term.greeks.live/term/long-gamma-short-vega/) Meaning ⎊ The Long Gamma Short Vega strategy profits from high realized volatility by actively hedging options, funded by a short position in implied volatility. ⎊ Definition ## [Short Positions](https://term.greeks.live/term/short-positions/) Meaning ⎊ Short positions in crypto options are a critical mechanism for risk transfer and premium collection, characterized by asymmetrical risk profiles and the need for robust collateral management in decentralized protocols. ⎊ Definition ## [Short Option Writing](https://term.greeks.live/term/short-option-writing/) Meaning ⎊ Short option writing in crypto monetizes volatility by collecting premium in exchange for accepting an asymmetric risk profile, serving as a critical component for decentralized yield generation and market liquidity. ⎊ Definition ## [Short Call](https://term.greeks.live/definition/short-call/) Selling a call option to collect premium, taking on the obligation to deliver the asset. ⎊ Definition ## [Short Straddle](https://term.greeks.live/definition/short-straddle/) A strategy involving the sale of both a call and a put at the same strike, betting on low volatility and price stability. ⎊ Definition ## [Short Strangle](https://term.greeks.live/definition/short-strangle/) A strategy selling an OTM call and an OTM put to profit from limited price movement and time decay. ⎊ Definition ## [Data Aggregation Networks](https://term.greeks.live/term/data-aggregation-networks/) Meaning ⎊ Data Aggregation Networks consolidate fragmented market data to provide reliable inputs for calculating volatility surfaces and managing risk in decentralized crypto options protocols. ⎊ Definition ## [Long-Term Average Rate](https://term.greeks.live/term/long-term-average-rate/) Meaning ⎊ The Long-Term Volatility Mean Reversion Rate quantifies how quickly market volatility reverts to its average, critically impacting long-dated options pricing and risk management. ⎊ Definition ## [Short Volatility Positions](https://term.greeks.live/term/short-volatility-positions/) Meaning ⎊ Short volatility positions are a derivatives strategy focused on selling options premium to profit from time decay and a decrease in implied volatility. ⎊ Definition ## [Term Structure Modeling](https://term.greeks.live/definition/term-structure-modeling/) Mathematical framework mapping asset prices or rates against their time to maturity for pricing and risk management. ⎊ Definition ## [Solver Networks](https://term.greeks.live/definition/solver-networks/) Decentralized networks of specialized agents competing to find and execute the most efficient path for user transaction goals. ⎊ Definition ## [Sequencer Networks](https://term.greeks.live/term/sequencer-networks/) Meaning ⎊ Sequencer networks are critical Layer 2 components responsible for transaction ordering, directly impacting liquidation risk and MEV extraction in crypto derivatives markets. ⎊ Definition ## [Shared Sequencer Networks](https://term.greeks.live/term/shared-sequencer-networks/) Meaning ⎊ Shared Sequencer Networks unify transaction ordering across multiple rollups to reduce liquidity fragmentation and mitigate systemic risk for derivative protocols. ⎊ Definition ## [Long Put Spreads](https://term.greeks.live/term/long-put-spreads/) Meaning ⎊ A Long Put Spread is a defined-risk bearish options strategy that uses a combination of long and short puts to reduce premium cost and cap potential losses in volatile markets. ⎊ Definition ## [Long-Term Value Accrual](https://term.greeks.live/term/long-term-value-accrual/) Meaning ⎊ Long-term value accrual in crypto options involves systematically harvesting market risk premiums by acting as an automated insurance provider rather than a short-term speculator. ⎊ Definition ## [Decentralized Keeper Networks](https://term.greeks.live/term/decentralized-keeper-networks/) Meaning ⎊ Decentralized Keeper Networks are essential for automating time-sensitive financial operations in decentralized options protocols, ensuring reliable settlement and risk management. ⎊ Definition ## [Digital Asset Term Structure](https://term.greeks.live/term/digital-asset-term-structure/) Meaning ⎊ Digital Asset Term Structure describes the relationship between implied volatility and time to expiration, serving as a critical indicator for forward-looking risk and market expectations in crypto derivatives. ⎊ Definition --- ## 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The core features brass and silver elements, surrounded by teal and dark blue casings." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/short-option-writing/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/short-option-writing/", "headline": "Short Option Writing", "description": "Meaning ⎊ Short option writing in crypto monetizes volatility by collecting premium in exchange for accepting an asymmetric risk profile, serving as a critical component for decentralized yield generation and market liquidity. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2025-12-19T08:40:09+00:00", "dateModified": "2025-12-19T08:40:09+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/algorithmic-high-frequency-trading-system-for-volatility-skew-and-options-payoff-structure-analysis.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "A high-tech, dark blue object with a streamlined, angular shape is featured against a dark background. The object contains internal components, including a glowing green lens or sensor at one end, suggesting advanced functionality." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/short-call/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/short-call/", "headline": "Short Call", "description": "Selling a call option to collect premium, taking on the obligation to deliver the asset. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2025-12-19T08:51:39+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-03-09T13:48:43+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/visualization-of-layered-risk-tranches-within-a-structured-product-for-options-trading-analysis.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "A stylized 3D visualization features stacked, fluid layers in shades of dark blue, vibrant blue, and teal green, arranged around a central off-white core. A bright green thumbtack is inserted into the outer green layer, set against a dark blue background." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/short-straddle/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/short-straddle/", "headline": "Short Straddle", "description": "A strategy involving the sale of both a call and a put at the same strike, betting on low volatility and price stability. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2025-12-19T08:55:06+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-03-22T14:10:46+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/decentralized-automated-smart-contract-execution-and-settlement-protocol-visualized-as-a-secure-connection.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "A high-resolution visualization showcases two dark cylindrical components converging at a central connection point, featuring a metallic core and a white coupling piece. The left component displays a glowing blue band, while the right component shows a vibrant green band, signifying distinct operational states." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/short-strangle/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/short-strangle/", "headline": "Short Strangle", "description": "A strategy selling an OTM call and an OTM put to profit from limited price movement and time decay. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2025-12-19T10:19:29+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-03-13T07:42:06+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/interconnected-financial-derivative-instruments-volatility-surface-market-liquidity-cascading-liquidation-dynamics.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "An abstract visualization featuring flowing, interwoven forms in deep blue, cream, and green colors. The smooth, layered composition suggests dynamic movement, with elements converging and diverging across the frame." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/data-aggregation-networks/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/data-aggregation-networks/", "headline": "Data Aggregation Networks", "description": "Meaning ⎊ Data Aggregation Networks consolidate fragmented market data to provide reliable inputs for calculating volatility surfaces and managing risk in decentralized crypto options protocols. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2025-12-20T20:18:29+00:00", "dateModified": "2025-12-20T20:18:29+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/layer-2-scaling-solutions-and-collateralized-interoperability-in-derivative-protocols.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "A 3D rendered abstract structure consisting of interconnected segments in navy blue, teal, green, and off-white. The segments form a flexible, curving chain against a dark background, highlighting layered connections." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/long-term-average-rate/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/long-term-average-rate/", "headline": "Long-Term Average Rate", "description": "Meaning ⎊ The Long-Term Volatility Mean Reversion Rate quantifies how quickly market volatility reverts to its average, critically impacting long-dated options pricing and risk management. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2025-12-21T09:34:23+00:00", "dateModified": "2025-12-21T09:34:23+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/complex-layered-structure-visualizing-crypto-derivatives-tranches-and-implied-volatility-surfaces-in-risk-adjusted-portfolios.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "Abstract, smooth layers of material in varying shades of blue, green, and cream flow and stack against a dark background, creating a sense of dynamic movement. The layers transition from a bright green core to darker and lighter hues on the periphery." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/short-volatility-positions/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/short-volatility-positions/", "headline": "Short Volatility Positions", "description": "Meaning ⎊ Short volatility positions are a derivatives strategy focused on selling options premium to profit from time decay and a decrease in implied volatility. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2025-12-21T10:09:50+00:00", "dateModified": "2025-12-21T10:09:50+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/decentralized-automated-smart-contract-execution-and-settlement-protocol-visualized-as-a-secure-connection.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "A high-resolution visualization showcases two dark cylindrical components converging at a central connection point, featuring a metallic core and a white coupling piece. The left component displays a glowing blue band, while the right component shows a vibrant green band, signifying distinct operational states." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/term-structure-modeling/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/term-structure-modeling/", "headline": "Term Structure Modeling", "description": "Mathematical framework mapping asset prices or rates against their time to maturity for pricing and risk management. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2025-12-21T10:17:43+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-03-24T13:13:06+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/complex-financial-engineering-structure-depicting-defi-protocol-layers-and-options-trading-risk-management-flows.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "A macro photograph captures a flowing, layered structure composed of dark blue, light beige, and vibrant green segments. The smooth, contoured surfaces interlock in a pattern suggesting mechanical precision and dynamic functionality." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/solver-networks/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/solver-networks/", "headline": "Solver Networks", "description": "Decentralized networks of specialized agents competing to find and execute the most efficient path for user transaction goals. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2025-12-21T17:23:56+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-04-02T10:09:27+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/interoperability-of-decentralized-finance-protocols-illustrating-smart-contract-execution-and-cross-chain-bridging-mechanisms.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "A close-up view of two segments of a complex mechanical joint shows the internal components partially exposed, featuring metallic parts and a beige-colored central piece with fluted segments. The right segment includes a bright green ring as part of its internal mechanism, highlighting a precision-engineered connection point." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/sequencer-networks/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/sequencer-networks/", "headline": "Sequencer Networks", "description": "Meaning ⎊ Sequencer networks are critical Layer 2 components responsible for transaction ordering, directly impacting liquidation risk and MEV extraction in crypto derivatives markets. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2025-12-22T09:25:31+00:00", "dateModified": "2025-12-22T09:25:31+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/analyzing-decentralized-finance-protocol-layers-for-cross-chain-interoperability-and-risk-management-strategies.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "The abstract image displays a close-up view of a dark blue, curved structure revealing internal layers of white and green. The high-gloss finish highlights the smooth curves and distinct separation between the different colored components." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/shared-sequencer-networks/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/shared-sequencer-networks/", "headline": "Shared Sequencer Networks", "description": "Meaning ⎊ Shared Sequencer Networks unify transaction ordering across multiple rollups to reduce liquidity fragmentation and mitigate systemic risk for derivative protocols. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2025-12-22T09:39:57+00:00", "dateModified": "2025-12-22T09:39:57+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/algorithmic-collateralization-in-decentralized-finance-representing-complex-interconnected-derivatives-structures-and-smart-contract-execution.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "The image displays a cluster of smooth, rounded shapes in various colors, primarily dark blue, off-white, bright blue, and a prominent green accent. The shapes intertwine tightly, creating a complex, entangled mass against a dark background." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/long-put-spreads/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/long-put-spreads/", "headline": "Long Put Spreads", "description": "Meaning ⎊ A Long Put Spread is a defined-risk bearish options strategy that uses a combination of long and short puts to reduce premium cost and cap potential losses in volatile markets. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2025-12-23T08:33:18+00:00", "dateModified": "2025-12-23T08:33:18+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/conceptualizing-multi-layered-synthetic-asset-interoperability-within-decentralized-finance-and-options-trading.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "The image displays an abstract formation of intertwined, flowing bands in varying shades of dark blue, light beige, bright blue, and vibrant green against a dark background. The bands loop and connect, suggesting movement and layering." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/long-term-value-accrual/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/long-term-value-accrual/", "headline": "Long-Term Value Accrual", "description": "Meaning ⎊ Long-term value accrual in crypto options involves systematically harvesting market risk premiums by acting as an automated insurance provider rather than a short-term speculator. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2025-12-23T09:11:51+00:00", "dateModified": "2025-12-23T09:11:51+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/dynamic-visualization-of-interdependent-liquidity-positions-and-complex-option-structures-in-defi.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "A dynamically composed abstract artwork featuring multiple interwoven geometric forms in various colors, including bright green, light blue, white, and dark blue, set against a dark, solid background. The forms are interlocking and create a sense of movement and complex structure." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/decentralized-keeper-networks/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/decentralized-keeper-networks/", "headline": "Decentralized Keeper Networks", "description": "Meaning ⎊ Decentralized Keeper Networks are essential for automating time-sensitive financial operations in decentralized options protocols, ensuring reliable settlement and risk management. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2025-12-23T09:12:40+00:00", "dateModified": "2025-12-23T09:12:40+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/decentralized-autonomous-organization-governance-structure-model-simulating-cross-chain-interoperability-and-liquidity-aggregation.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "A complex, interconnected geometric form, rendered in high detail, showcases a mix of white, deep blue, and verdant green segments. The structure appears to be a digital or physical prototype, highlighting intricate, interwoven facets that create a dynamic, star-like shape against a dark, featureless background." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/digital-asset-term-structure/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/digital-asset-term-structure/", "headline": "Digital Asset Term Structure", "description": "Meaning ⎊ Digital Asset Term Structure describes the relationship between implied volatility and time to expiration, serving as a critical indicator for forward-looking risk and market expectations in crypto derivatives. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2025-12-23T09:16:17+00:00", "dateModified": "2025-12-23T09:16:17+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/digital-asset-ecosystem-structure-exhibiting-interoperability-between-liquidity-pools-and-smart-contracts.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "A geometric low-poly structure featuring a dark external frame encompassing several layered, brightly colored inner components, including cream, light blue, and green elements. The design incorporates small, glowing green sections, suggesting a flow of energy or data within the complex, interconnected system." } } ], "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/decentralized-finance-protocol-architecture-visualizing-layered-synthetic-assets-and-risk-stratification-in-options-trading.jpg" } } ``` --- **Original URL:** https://term.greeks.live/area/long-short-term-memory-networks/resource/1/