# Layer 1 Networks ⎊ Area ⎊ Resource 1 --- ## What is the Architecture of Layer 1 Networks? Layer 1 networks represent the foundational blockchain infrastructure where transactions are processed and finalized. The architecture of a Layer 1 network defines its core properties, including its consensus mechanism, data availability layer, and smart contract execution environment. This base layer provides the security and decentralization guarantees upon which all higher-level applications, including decentralized derivatives protocols, are built. The design choices of a Layer 1 network directly impact its performance characteristics and overall ecosystem development. ## What is the Scalability of Layer 1 Networks? Scalability is a key challenge for Layer 1 networks, referring to their ability to handle a high volume of transactions without compromising security or decentralization. The limited throughput of many Layer 1 networks often leads to network congestion and high transaction fees during peak demand. This constraint directly impacts the cost and efficiency of interacting with on-chain derivatives protocols. Solutions like sharding and rollups are designed to enhance Layer 1 scalability by offloading computation to secondary layers. ## What is the Finality of Layer 1 Networks? Finality refers to the point at which a transaction on the Layer 1 network is considered irreversible and permanently recorded on the blockchain. For financial derivatives, finality is crucial for settlement assurance and preventing double-spending. The time to finality varies significantly between different Layer 1 networks, impacting the speed at which derivative contracts can be settled and assets can be transferred between chains. --- ## [Layer 2 Solutions](https://term.greeks.live/definition/layer-2-solutions/) Secondary frameworks built on top of a primary blockchain to increase transaction speed and reduce costs via off-chain processing. ⎊ Definition ## [Layer-2 Scaling Solutions](https://term.greeks.live/term/layer-2-scaling-solutions/) Meaning ⎊ Layer-2 scaling solutions are essential for enabling high-throughput, capital-efficient decentralized options markets by moving complex transaction logic off-chain while maintaining Layer-1 security. ⎊ Definition ## [Layer 2 Scaling](https://term.greeks.live/definition/layer-2-scaling/) Off-chain protocols that aggregate transactions to improve speed and reduce costs while maintaining base layer security. ⎊ Definition ## [Decentralized Oracle Networks](https://term.greeks.live/definition/decentralized-oracle-networks/) Systems that aggregate off-chain data from multiple sources to provide secure and reliable inputs to smart contracts. ⎊ Definition ## [Oracle Networks](https://term.greeks.live/definition/oracle-networks/) Decentralized systems that provide external real-world data to blockchain smart contracts for automated execution. ⎊ Definition ## [Keeper Networks](https://term.greeks.live/term/keeper-networks/) Meaning ⎊ Keeper Networks are the automated execution layer for decentralized finance, ensuring protocol solvency by managing liquidations and settlements based on off-chain data. ⎊ Definition ## [Settlement Layer](https://term.greeks.live/definition/settlement-layer/) The blockchain infrastructure that handles the final, secure, and verifiable execution of financial trades and settlements. ⎊ Definition ## [Layer 2 Scalability](https://term.greeks.live/definition/layer-2-scalability/) Off-chain protocols that increase transaction speed and lower costs by processing trades outside the main blockchain. ⎊ Definition ## [Data Integrity Layer](https://term.greeks.live/term/data-integrity-layer/) Meaning ⎊ The Data Integrity Layer ensures the reliability and security of off-chain data for on-chain crypto derivatives, mitigating manipulation risk and enabling autonomous financial operations. ⎊ Definition ## [Zero-Knowledge Bridges](https://term.greeks.live/term/zero-knowledge-bridges/) Meaning ⎊ Zero-Knowledge Bridges enable secure, trustless cross-chain value transfer by using cryptographic proofs to verify state transitions, eliminating reliance on external validators and reducing systemic risk for derivatives markets. ⎊ Definition ## [Off-Chain Data Sourcing](https://term.greeks.live/term/off-chain-data-sourcing/) Meaning ⎊ Off-chain data sourcing provides essential external information to decentralized derivatives protocols, enabling accurate pricing and secure settlement. ⎊ Definition ## [Cross-Chain Oracles](https://term.greeks.live/term/cross-chain-oracles/) Meaning ⎊ Cross-chain oracles are essential for decentralized options protocols, providing accurate mark-to-market data by aggregating fragmented liquidity across multiple blockchains. ⎊ Definition ## [Layer 2 Rollup Costs](https://term.greeks.live/term/layer-2-rollup-costs/) Meaning ⎊ Layer 2 Rollup Costs define the economic feasibility of high-frequency options trading by determining transaction fees and capital efficiency. ⎊ Definition ## [Layer 2 Rollups](https://term.greeks.live/term/layer-2-rollups/) Meaning ⎊ Layer 2 Rollups provide the essential high-throughput, low-cost execution environment necessary for viable decentralized derivatives markets. ⎊ Definition ## [Data Availability Layer](https://term.greeks.live/definition/data-availability-layer/) Infrastructure ensuring transaction data is accessible and verifiable by the entire network. ⎊ Definition ## [Layer-2 Finality Models](https://term.greeks.live/term/layer-2-finality-models/) Meaning ⎊ Layer-2 finality models define the mechanisms by which transactions achieve irreversibility, directly influencing derivatives settlement risk and capital efficiency. ⎊ Definition ## [Execution Layer](https://term.greeks.live/definition/execution-layer/) The modular component of a blockchain where smart contract code is executed and transaction state is updated. ⎊ Definition ## [Data Aggregation Networks](https://term.greeks.live/term/data-aggregation-networks/) Meaning ⎊ Data Aggregation Networks consolidate fragmented market data to provide reliable inputs for calculating volatility surfaces and managing risk in decentralized crypto options protocols. ⎊ Definition ## [Zero-Knowledge Layer](https://term.greeks.live/term/zero-knowledge-layer/) Meaning ⎊ ZK-Encrypted Market Architectures enable verifiable, private execution of complex derivatives, fundamentally changing market microstructure by mitigating front-running risk. ⎊ Definition ## [Consensus Layer Security](https://term.greeks.live/definition/consensus-layer-security/) The fundamental mechanisms and protocols that ensure agreement and integrity across a decentralized distributed ledger. ⎊ Definition ## [Solver Networks](https://term.greeks.live/definition/solver-networks/) Decentralized networks of specialized agents competing to find and execute the most efficient path for user transaction goals. ⎊ Definition ## [Sequencer Networks](https://term.greeks.live/term/sequencer-networks/) Meaning ⎊ Sequencer networks are critical Layer 2 components responsible for transaction ordering, directly impacting liquidation risk and MEV extraction in crypto derivatives markets. ⎊ Definition ## [Shared Sequencer Networks](https://term.greeks.live/term/shared-sequencer-networks/) Meaning ⎊ Shared Sequencer Networks unify transaction ordering across multiple rollups to reduce liquidity fragmentation and mitigate systemic risk for derivative protocols. ⎊ Definition ## [Cross-Chain Feedback Loops](https://term.greeks.live/term/cross-chain-feedback-loops/) Meaning ⎊ Cross-Chain Feedback Loops describe the systemic propagation of risk and price volatility across distinct blockchain networks, challenging risk models for decentralized options protocols. ⎊ Definition ## [Decentralized Keeper Networks](https://term.greeks.live/term/decentralized-keeper-networks/) Meaning ⎊ Decentralized Keeper Networks are essential for automating time-sensitive financial operations in decentralized options protocols, ensuring reliable settlement and risk management. ⎊ Definition ## [Meta-Transactions Relayer Networks](https://term.greeks.live/term/meta-transactions-relayer-networks/) Meaning ⎊ Meta-transactions relayer networks are a foundational layer for gas abstraction, significantly reducing user friction and improving capital efficiency for crypto options trading. ⎊ Definition ## [Off-Chain Computation Verification](https://term.greeks.live/term/off-chain-computation-verification/) Meaning ⎊ Off-Chain Computation Verification enables high-performance derivative engines by anchoring complex external logic into immutable cryptographic proofs. ⎊ Definition ## [High Gas Fees Impact](https://term.greeks.live/term/high-gas-fees-impact/) Meaning ⎊ The Transaction Cost Delta is a systemic risk variable quantifying the non-linear impact of volatile on-chain execution costs on the fair pricing and risk management of decentralized crypto options. ⎊ Definition ## [Layer 2 Settlement Costs](https://term.greeks.live/term/layer-2-settlement-costs/) Meaning ⎊ Layer 2 Settlement Costs are the non-negotiable, dual-component friction—explicit data fees and implicit latency-risk premium—paid to secure decentralized options finality on Layer 1. ⎊ Definition ## [Base Layer Verification](https://term.greeks.live/term/base-layer-verification/) Meaning ⎊ Base Layer Verification anchors off-chain derivative state transitions to the primary ledger through cryptographic proofs and economic finality. ⎊ Definition --- ## Raw Schema Data ```json { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 1, "name": "Home", "item": "https://term.greeks.live/" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 2, "name": "Area", "item": "https://term.greeks.live/area/" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 3, "name": "Layer 1 Networks", "item": "https://term.greeks.live/area/layer-1-networks/" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 4, "name": "Resource 1", "item": "https://term.greeks.live/area/layer-1-networks/resource/1/" } ] } ``` ```json { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "FAQPage", "mainEntity": [ { "@type": "Question", "name": "What is the Architecture of Layer 1 Networks?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Layer 1 networks represent the foundational blockchain infrastructure where transactions are processed and finalized. 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The forms suggest a fluid, three-dimensional structure with depth." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/execution-layer/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/execution-layer/", "headline": "Execution Layer", "description": "The modular component of a blockchain where smart contract code is executed and transaction state is updated. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2025-12-20T16:26:25+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-04-03T23:43:23+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/abstract-visualization-of-nested-derivatives-protocols-and-structured-market-liquidity-layers.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "An abstract image displays several nested, undulating layers of varying colors, from dark blue on the outside to a vibrant green core. The forms suggest a fluid, three-dimensional structure with depth." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/data-aggregation-networks/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/data-aggregation-networks/", "headline": "Data Aggregation Networks", "description": "Meaning ⎊ Data Aggregation Networks consolidate fragmented market data to provide reliable inputs for calculating volatility surfaces and managing risk in decentralized crypto options protocols. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2025-12-20T20:18:29+00:00", "dateModified": "2025-12-20T20:18:29+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/layer-2-scaling-solutions-and-collateralized-interoperability-in-derivative-protocols.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "A 3D rendered abstract structure consisting of interconnected segments in navy blue, teal, green, and off-white. The segments form a flexible, curving chain against a dark background, highlighting layered connections." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/zero-knowledge-layer/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/zero-knowledge-layer/", "headline": "Zero-Knowledge Layer", "description": "Meaning ⎊ ZK-Encrypted Market Architectures enable verifiable, private execution of complex derivatives, fundamentally changing market microstructure by mitigating front-running risk. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2025-12-21T10:38:55+00:00", "dateModified": "2025-12-21T10:38:55+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/decentralized-protocol-interoperability-architecture-facilitating-cross-chain-atomic-swaps-between-distinct-layer-1-ecosystems.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "The image displays a detailed cross-section of two high-tech cylindrical components separating against a dark blue background. The separation reveals a central coiled spring mechanism and inner green components that connect the two sections." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/consensus-layer-security/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/consensus-layer-security/", "headline": "Consensus Layer Security", "description": "The fundamental mechanisms and protocols that ensure agreement and integrity across a decentralized distributed ledger. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2025-12-21T10:48:44+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-04-01T01:30:49+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/visualizing-algorithmic-execution-of-decentralized-options-protocols-collateralized-debt-position-mechanisms.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "A detailed close-up view shows a mechanical connection between two dark-colored cylindrical components. The left component reveals a beige ribbed interior, while the right component features a complex green inner layer and a silver gear mechanism that interlocks with the left part." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/solver-networks/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/solver-networks/", "headline": "Solver Networks", "description": "Decentralized networks of specialized agents competing to find and execute the most efficient path for user transaction goals. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2025-12-21T17:23:56+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-04-02T10:09:27+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/interoperability-of-decentralized-finance-protocols-illustrating-smart-contract-execution-and-cross-chain-bridging-mechanisms.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "A close-up view of two segments of a complex mechanical joint shows the internal components partially exposed, featuring metallic parts and a beige-colored central piece with fluted segments. The right segment includes a bright green ring as part of its internal mechanism, highlighting a precision-engineered connection point." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/sequencer-networks/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/sequencer-networks/", "headline": "Sequencer Networks", "description": "Meaning ⎊ Sequencer networks are critical Layer 2 components responsible for transaction ordering, directly impacting liquidation risk and MEV extraction in crypto derivatives markets. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2025-12-22T09:25:31+00:00", "dateModified": "2025-12-22T09:25:31+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/analyzing-decentralized-finance-protocol-layers-for-cross-chain-interoperability-and-risk-management-strategies.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "The abstract image displays a close-up view of a dark blue, curved structure revealing internal layers of white and green. The high-gloss finish highlights the smooth curves and distinct separation between the different colored components." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/shared-sequencer-networks/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/shared-sequencer-networks/", "headline": "Shared Sequencer Networks", "description": "Meaning ⎊ Shared Sequencer Networks unify transaction ordering across multiple rollups to reduce liquidity fragmentation and mitigate systemic risk for derivative protocols. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2025-12-22T09:39:57+00:00", "dateModified": "2025-12-22T09:39:57+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/algorithmic-collateralization-in-decentralized-finance-representing-complex-interconnected-derivatives-structures-and-smart-contract-execution.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "The image displays a cluster of smooth, rounded shapes in various colors, primarily dark blue, off-white, bright blue, and a prominent green accent. The shapes intertwine tightly, creating a complex, entangled mass against a dark background." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/cross-chain-feedback-loops/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/cross-chain-feedback-loops/", "headline": "Cross-Chain Feedback Loops", "description": "Meaning ⎊ Cross-Chain Feedback Loops describe the systemic propagation of risk and price volatility across distinct blockchain networks, challenging risk models for decentralized options protocols. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2025-12-22T09:52:29+00:00", "dateModified": "2025-12-22T09:52:29+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/interlocking-defi-protocols-cross-chain-liquidity-provision-systemic-risk-and-arbitrage-loops.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "A complex knot formed by four hexagonal links colored green light blue dark blue and cream is shown against a dark background. The links are intertwined in a complex arrangement suggesting high interdependence and systemic connectivity." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/decentralized-keeper-networks/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/decentralized-keeper-networks/", "headline": "Decentralized Keeper Networks", "description": "Meaning ⎊ Decentralized Keeper Networks are essential for automating time-sensitive financial operations in decentralized options protocols, ensuring reliable settlement and risk management. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2025-12-23T09:12:40+00:00", "dateModified": "2025-12-23T09:12:40+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/decentralized-autonomous-organization-governance-structure-model-simulating-cross-chain-interoperability-and-liquidity-aggregation.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "A complex, interconnected geometric form, rendered in high detail, showcases a mix of white, deep blue, and verdant green segments. The structure appears to be a digital or physical prototype, highlighting intricate, interwoven facets that create a dynamic, star-like shape against a dark, featureless background." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/meta-transactions-relayer-networks/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/meta-transactions-relayer-networks/", "headline": "Meta-Transactions Relayer Networks", "description": "Meaning ⎊ Meta-transactions relayer networks are a foundational layer for gas abstraction, significantly reducing user friction and improving capital efficiency for crypto options trading. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2025-12-23T09:41:09+00:00", "dateModified": "2025-12-23T09:41:09+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/interoperability-of-decentralized-finance-protocols-illustrating-smart-contract-execution-and-cross-chain-bridging-mechanisms.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "A close-up view of two segments of a complex mechanical joint shows the internal components partially exposed, featuring metallic parts and a beige-colored central piece with fluted segments. The right segment includes a bright green ring as part of its internal mechanism, highlighting a precision-engineered connection point." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/off-chain-computation-verification/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/off-chain-computation-verification/", "headline": "Off-Chain Computation Verification", "description": "Meaning ⎊ Off-Chain Computation Verification enables high-performance derivative engines by anchoring complex external logic into immutable cryptographic proofs. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2026-01-09T17:10:14+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-01-09T17:12:30+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/decentralized-derivatives-collateralization-protocols-and-smart-contract-interoperability-for-cross-chain-tokenization-mechanisms.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "A high-tech digital render displays two large dark blue interlocking rings linked by a central, advanced mechanism. The core of the mechanism is highlighted by a bright green glowing data-like structure, partially covered by a matching blue shield element." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/high-gas-fees-impact/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/high-gas-fees-impact/", "headline": "High Gas Fees Impact", "description": "Meaning ⎊ The Transaction Cost Delta is a systemic risk variable quantifying the non-linear impact of volatile on-chain execution costs on the fair pricing and risk management of decentralized crypto options. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2026-01-11T11:18:07+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-01-11T11:19:33+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/quantifying-volatility-cascades-in-cryptocurrency-derivatives-leveraging-implied-volatility-analysis.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "A smooth, continuous helical form transitions in color from off-white through deep blue to vibrant green against a dark background. The glossy surface reflects light, emphasizing its dynamic contours as it twists." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/layer-2-settlement-costs/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/layer-2-settlement-costs/", "headline": "Layer 2 Settlement Costs", "description": "Meaning ⎊ Layer 2 Settlement Costs are the non-negotiable, dual-component friction—explicit data fees and implicit latency-risk premium—paid to secure decentralized options finality on Layer 1. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2026-02-03T11:48:26+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-02-03T11:49:05+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/decentralized-finance-layered-architecture-representing-risk-management-collateralization-structures-and-protocol-composability.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "This abstract illustration depicts multiple concentric layers and a central cylindrical structure within a dark, recessed frame. The layers transition in color from deep blue to bright green and cream, creating a sense of depth and intricate design." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/base-layer-verification/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/base-layer-verification/", "headline": "Base Layer Verification", "description": "Meaning ⎊ Base Layer Verification anchors off-chain derivative state transitions to the primary ledger through cryptographic proofs and economic finality. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2026-02-03T22:20:42+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-02-03T22:21:03+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/complex-layered-blockchain-architecture-visualization-for-layer-2-scaling-solutions-and-defi-collateralization-models.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "A sequence of nested, multi-faceted geometric shapes is depicted in a digital rendering. The shapes decrease in size from a broad blue and beige outer structure to a bright green inner layer, culminating in a central dark blue sphere, set against a dark blue background." } } ], "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/visualizing-multi-asset-collateralization-in-structured-finance-derivatives-and-yield-generation.jpg" } } ``` --- **Original URL:** https://term.greeks.live/area/layer-1-networks/resource/1/