# Implied Interest Rates ⎊ Area ⎊ Resource 2

---

## What is the Calculation of Implied Interest Rates?

Implied interest rates within cryptocurrency derivatives represent a forward-looking expectation of borrowing costs, derived from the price differential between spot and futures contracts. These rates are not explicitly stated but are inferred through arbitrage-free pricing models, reflecting market sentiment regarding future funding rates and demand for leverage. Consequently, a positive implied rate suggests a premium for holding long positions in the futures market, while a negative rate indicates a cost for maintaining such positions, often linked to funding rate mechanics on perpetual swap exchanges. The precision of this calculation is crucial for traders assessing carry trade opportunities and managing risk exposure.

## What is the Adjustment of Implied Interest Rates?

Market microstructure significantly influences implied interest rates, with adjustments occurring based on supply and demand dynamics within the derivatives exchange. Funding rates, a key component, are algorithmically adjusted to maintain price parity between the perpetual contract and the underlying spot market, impacting the cost of holding leveraged positions. External factors, such as broader macroeconomic conditions and regulatory announcements, can also induce shifts in these rates, necessitating continuous recalibration of trading strategies. Effective risk management requires understanding how these adjustments propagate through the market and affect portfolio valuations.

## What is the Algorithm of Implied Interest Rates?

The determination of implied interest rates relies heavily on algorithmic models, primarily utilizing the cost of carry framework and no-arbitrage principles. These algorithms analyze the relationship between the spot price, futures price, time to expiration, and any associated storage or convenience yields, to back out the implied rate. Sophisticated models incorporate volatility surfaces and liquidity considerations to refine the accuracy of the rate estimation, providing a more nuanced view of market expectations. Automated trading systems leverage these algorithmic outputs to execute strategies based on perceived mispricings and arbitrage opportunities.


---

## [Rho Sensitivity Measures](https://term.greeks.live/term/rho-sensitivity-measures/)

Meaning ⎊ Rho quantifies the sensitivity of derivative prices to fluctuations in on-chain interest rates, serving as a vital metric for capital efficiency. ⎊ Term

## [Nominal Interest Rates](https://term.greeks.live/definition/nominal-interest-rates/)

The raw interest rate quoted on a financial instrument without subtracting the effects of inflation or token supply growth. ⎊ Term

## [Real Interest Rates](https://term.greeks.live/definition/real-interest-rates/)

The nominal interest rate minus the anticipated inflation rate, revealing the actual growth in purchasing power for an investor. ⎊ Term

## [Bidder Participation Rates](https://term.greeks.live/definition/bidder-participation-rates/)

The level of competition and engagement from liquidators in a protocol's collateral auctions. ⎊ Term

## [Negative Interest Rates](https://term.greeks.live/definition/negative-interest-rates/)

A condition where the cost of holding cash or debt becomes a penalty, forcing capital movement or balancing market leverage. ⎊ Term

## [Volatility-Adjusted Lending Rates](https://term.greeks.live/definition/volatility-adjusted-lending-rates/)

Interest rates that include a risk premium based on asset volatility to compensate lenders for higher exposure. ⎊ Term

## [False Acceptance Rates](https://term.greeks.live/definition/false-acceptance-rates/)

The statistical likelihood of an unauthorized user being incorrectly granted access to a secure financial account or system. ⎊ Term

## [Validator Slot Miss Rates](https://term.greeks.live/definition/validator-slot-miss-rates/)

The frequency of missed block proposals indicating network instability or validator inefficiency. ⎊ Term

## [Volatility Decay Rates](https://term.greeks.live/definition/volatility-decay-rates/)

The mathematical erosion of value in leveraged assets caused by the compounding effect of daily price fluctuations over time. ⎊ Term

## [Token Inflation Rates](https://term.greeks.live/definition/token-inflation-rates/)

The percentage rate at which a token's total supply increases, impacting individual holder value. ⎊ Term

## [Staking Emission Rates](https://term.greeks.live/definition/staking-emission-rates/)

The programmed rate of new token creation distributed to network participants as a reward for securing the protocol. ⎊ Term

## [Governance Participation Rates](https://term.greeks.live/definition/governance-participation-rates/)

Metrics evaluating the engagement level of token holders in the decision-making processes of a decentralized organization. ⎊ Term

## [Market Data Refresh Rates](https://term.greeks.live/definition/market-data-refresh-rates/)

The frequency at which price and order book information is updated and broadcast to market participants. ⎊ Term

## [Convergence Rates](https://term.greeks.live/definition/convergence-rates/)

The speed at which a numerical approximation approaches the exact theoretical value as computational iterations increase. ⎊ Term

## [Currency Exchange Rates](https://term.greeks.live/term/currency-exchange-rates/)

Meaning ⎊ Currency exchange rates function as the primary signal for capital allocation and risk management within decentralized financial protocols. ⎊ Term

## [Short-Term Rates](https://term.greeks.live/definition/short-term-rates/)

Interest rates for financial instruments with maturities of one year or less, strongly linked to central bank policy. ⎊ Term

## [Interest Rates](https://term.greeks.live/definition/interest-rates/)

The price paid for borrowing or the reward for lending capital, serving as the core cost of money in financial markets. ⎊ Term

## [Perpetual Swaps Funding Rates](https://term.greeks.live/term/perpetual-swaps-funding-rates/)

Meaning ⎊ Perpetual Swaps Funding Rates are a critical financial primitive that anchors derivative prices to spot prices through continuous payments, acting as a powerful lever for market sentiment and arbitrage. ⎊ Term

## [Perpetual Funding Rates](https://term.greeks.live/definition/perpetual-funding-rates/)

Periodic payments between long and short traders to keep perpetual contract prices aligned with the underlying spot index. ⎊ Term

## [Dynamic Funding Rates](https://term.greeks.live/term/dynamic-funding-rates/)

Meaning ⎊ Dynamic funding rates are continuous payments in perpetual futures contracts that tether the derivative price to the spot price, acting as a critical balancing mechanism for market equilibrium. ⎊ Term

## [Non-Linear Rates](https://term.greeks.live/term/non-linear-rates/)

Meaning ⎊ Non-linear rates in crypto options quantify second-order risk exposure, where changes in underlying asset prices or volatility create disproportionate shifts in derivative value, demanding dynamic risk management. ⎊ Term

## [Stochastic Interest Rates](https://term.greeks.live/term/stochastic-interest-rates/)

Meaning ⎊ Stochastic interest rates model the volatility of on-chain yields as a random process, providing a necessary framework for accurately pricing crypto options where traditional static rate assumptions fail. ⎊ Term

## [On-Chain Lending Rates](https://term.greeks.live/term/on-chain-lending-rates/)

Meaning ⎊ On-chain lending rates are algorithmically determined interest rates that govern the supply and demand for assets within a decentralized liquidity pool, acting as the primary mechanism for capital allocation in DeFi protocols. ⎊ Term

## [Lending Protocol Rates](https://term.greeks.live/term/lending-protocol-rates/)

Meaning ⎊ Lending protocol rates are the dynamic, algorithmic cost of capital in DeFi, essential for pricing derivatives and managing systemic liquidity risk in decentralized markets. ⎊ Term

## [Term Structure of Interest Rates](https://term.greeks.live/definition/term-structure-of-interest-rates/)

The relationship between interest rates and time to maturity, showing market expectations for future rate paths. ⎊ Term

## [Decentralized Lending Rates](https://term.greeks.live/definition/decentralized-lending-rates/)

Real-time, algorithmically determined interest rates in DeFi based on pool utilization and supply-demand dynamics. ⎊ Term

## [Protocol Utilization Rates](https://term.greeks.live/term/protocol-utilization-rates/)

Meaning ⎊ Protocol utilization rates measure the proportion of assets committed to backing derivatives, acting as a critical indicator of capital efficiency and systemic risk within decentralized options protocols. ⎊ Term

## [Perpetual Swap Funding Rates](https://term.greeks.live/definition/perpetual-swap-funding-rates/)

Periodic payments between traders to align perpetual contract prices with the underlying spot market price. ⎊ Term

## [On-Chain Interest Rates](https://term.greeks.live/term/on-chain-interest-rates/)

Meaning ⎊ On-chain interest rates are dynamic, algorithmic costs of capital in DeFi, essential for derivatives pricing and systemic risk management, yet fundamentally challenge traditional risk-free rate assumptions. ⎊ Term

## [Perpetual Options Funding Rates](https://term.greeks.live/term/perpetual-options-funding-rates/)

Meaning ⎊ Perpetual options funding rates are dynamic payment mechanisms that replace time decay, anchoring the option's price to its theoretical value by compensating liquidity providers for specific option risks. ⎊ Term

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            "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/convergence-rates/",
            "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/convergence-rates/",
            "headline": "Convergence Rates",
            "description": "The speed at which a numerical approximation approaches the exact theoretical value as computational iterations increase. ⎊ Term",
            "datePublished": "2026-03-12T06:08:57+00:00",
            "dateModified": "2026-03-12T06:09:14+00:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
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                "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/"
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            "@type": "Article",
            "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/currency-exchange-rates/",
            "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/currency-exchange-rates/",
            "headline": "Currency Exchange Rates",
            "description": "Meaning ⎊ Currency exchange rates function as the primary signal for capital allocation and risk management within decentralized financial protocols. ⎊ Term",
            "datePublished": "2026-03-10T01:39:13+00:00",
            "dateModified": "2026-03-10T01:40:49+00:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
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                "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/"
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            "image": {
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            "@type": "Article",
            "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/short-term-rates/",
            "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/short-term-rates/",
            "headline": "Short-Term Rates",
            "description": "Interest rates for financial instruments with maturities of one year or less, strongly linked to central bank policy. ⎊ Term",
            "datePublished": "2026-03-09T19:08:12+00:00",
            "dateModified": "2026-03-09T19:10:29+00:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
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                "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/"
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            "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/interest-rates/",
            "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/interest-rates/",
            "headline": "Interest Rates",
            "description": "The price paid for borrowing or the reward for lending capital, serving as the core cost of money in financial markets. ⎊ Term",
            "datePublished": "2026-03-09T14:54:13+00:00",
            "dateModified": "2026-03-11T14:57:37+00:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
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                "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/"
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            "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/perpetual-swaps-funding-rates/",
            "headline": "Perpetual Swaps Funding Rates",
            "description": "Meaning ⎊ Perpetual Swaps Funding Rates are a critical financial primitive that anchors derivative prices to spot prices through continuous payments, acting as a powerful lever for market sentiment and arbitrage. ⎊ Term",
            "datePublished": "2025-12-22T10:03:04+00:00",
            "dateModified": "2025-12-22T10:03:04+00:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
                "name": "Greeks.live",
                "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/"
            },
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        {
            "@type": "Article",
            "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/perpetual-funding-rates/",
            "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/perpetual-funding-rates/",
            "headline": "Perpetual Funding Rates",
            "description": "Periodic payments between long and short traders to keep perpetual contract prices aligned with the underlying spot index. ⎊ Term",
            "datePublished": "2025-12-21T09:51:41+00:00",
            "dateModified": "2026-04-06T08:49:05+00:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
                "name": "Greeks.live",
                "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/"
            },
            "image": {
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            "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/dynamic-funding-rates/",
            "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/dynamic-funding-rates/",
            "headline": "Dynamic Funding Rates",
            "description": "Meaning ⎊ Dynamic funding rates are continuous payments in perpetual futures contracts that tether the derivative price to the spot price, acting as a critical balancing mechanism for market equilibrium. ⎊ Term",
            "datePublished": "2025-12-20T10:51:00+00:00",
            "dateModified": "2026-01-04T18:33:53+00:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
                "name": "Greeks.live",
                "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/"
            },
            "image": {
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                "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/algorithmic-execution-and-liquidity-dynamics-in-perpetual-swap-collateralized-debt-positions.jpg",
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            "@type": "Article",
            "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/non-linear-rates/",
            "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/non-linear-rates/",
            "headline": "Non-Linear Rates",
            "description": "Meaning ⎊ Non-linear rates in crypto options quantify second-order risk exposure, where changes in underlying asset prices or volatility create disproportionate shifts in derivative value, demanding dynamic risk management. ⎊ Term",
            "datePublished": "2025-12-20T09:20:22+00:00",
            "dateModified": "2025-12-20T09:20:22+00:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
                "name": "Greeks.live",
                "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/"
            },
            "image": {
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            "@type": "Article",
            "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/stochastic-interest-rates/",
            "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/stochastic-interest-rates/",
            "headline": "Stochastic Interest Rates",
            "description": "Meaning ⎊ Stochastic interest rates model the volatility of on-chain yields as a random process, providing a necessary framework for accurately pricing crypto options where traditional static rate assumptions fail. ⎊ Term",
            "datePublished": "2025-12-19T08:47:04+00:00",
            "dateModified": "2025-12-19T08:47:04+00:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
                "name": "Greeks.live",
                "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/"
            },
            "image": {
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                "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/dynamic-liquidity-pool-vortex-visualizing-perpetual-swaps-market-microstructure-and-hft-order-flow-dynamics.jpg",
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                "caption": "A highly stylized 3D render depicts a circular vortex mechanism composed of multiple, colorful fins swirling inwards toward a central core. The blades feature a palette of deep blues, lighter blues, cream, and a contrasting bright green, set against a dark blue gradient background."
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        },
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            "@type": "Article",
            "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/on-chain-lending-rates/",
            "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/on-chain-lending-rates/",
            "headline": "On-Chain Lending Rates",
            "description": "Meaning ⎊ On-chain lending rates are algorithmically determined interest rates that govern the supply and demand for assets within a decentralized liquidity pool, acting as the primary mechanism for capital allocation in DeFi protocols. ⎊ Term",
            "datePublished": "2025-12-19T08:17:41+00:00",
            "dateModified": "2026-01-04T17:04:42+00:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
                "name": "Greeks.live",
                "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/"
            },
            "image": {
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                "caption": "A close-up view captures a sophisticated mechanical assembly, featuring a cream-colored lever connected to a dark blue cylindrical component. The assembly is set against a dark background, with glowing green light visible in the distance."
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        },
        {
            "@type": "Article",
            "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/lending-protocol-rates/",
            "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/lending-protocol-rates/",
            "headline": "Lending Protocol Rates",
            "description": "Meaning ⎊ Lending protocol rates are the dynamic, algorithmic cost of capital in DeFi, essential for pricing derivatives and managing systemic liquidity risk in decentralized markets. ⎊ Term",
            "datePublished": "2025-12-19T05:09:00+00:00",
            "dateModified": "2026-01-04T17:04:10+00:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
                "name": "Greeks.live",
                "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/"
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            "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/term-structure-of-interest-rates/",
            "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/term-structure-of-interest-rates/",
            "headline": "Term Structure of Interest Rates",
            "description": "The relationship between interest rates and time to maturity, showing market expectations for future rate paths. ⎊ Term",
            "datePublished": "2025-12-19T05:02:41+00:00",
            "dateModified": "2026-04-06T22:07:44+00:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
                "name": "Greeks.live",
                "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/"
            },
            "image": {
                "@type": "ImageObject",
                "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/complex-multilayered-structure-representing-decentralized-finance-protocol-architecture-and-risk-mitigation-strategies-in-derivatives-trading.jpg",
                "width": 3850,
                "height": 2166,
                "caption": "This abstract image displays a complex layered object composed of interlocking segments in varying shades of blue, green, and cream. The close-up perspective highlights the intricate mechanical structure and overlapping forms."
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        },
        {
            "@type": "Article",
            "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/decentralized-lending-rates/",
            "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/decentralized-lending-rates/",
            "headline": "Decentralized Lending Rates",
            "description": "Real-time, algorithmically determined interest rates in DeFi based on pool utilization and supply-demand dynamics. ⎊ Term",
            "datePublished": "2025-12-18T22:19:47+00:00",
            "dateModified": "2026-03-30T09:48:30+00:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
                "name": "Greeks.live",
                "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/"
            },
            "image": {
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                "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/algorithmic-smart-contract-core-for-decentralized-finance-perpetual-futures-engine.jpg",
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        },
        {
            "@type": "Article",
            "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/protocol-utilization-rates/",
            "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/protocol-utilization-rates/",
            "headline": "Protocol Utilization Rates",
            "description": "Meaning ⎊ Protocol utilization rates measure the proportion of assets committed to backing derivatives, acting as a critical indicator of capital efficiency and systemic risk within decentralized options protocols. ⎊ Term",
            "datePublished": "2025-12-18T22:18:43+00:00",
            "dateModified": "2026-01-04T17:03:20+00:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
                "name": "Greeks.live",
                "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/"
            },
            "image": {
                "@type": "ImageObject",
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        {
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            "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/perpetual-swap-funding-rates/",
            "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/perpetual-swap-funding-rates/",
            "headline": "Perpetual Swap Funding Rates",
            "description": "Periodic payments between traders to align perpetual contract prices with the underlying spot market price. ⎊ Term",
            "datePublished": "2025-12-18T22:16:09+00:00",
            "dateModified": "2026-04-09T02:29:28+00:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
                "name": "Greeks.live",
                "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/"
            },
            "image": {
                "@type": "ImageObject",
                "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/algorithmic-execution-and-liquidity-dynamics-in-perpetual-swap-collateralized-debt-positions.jpg",
                "width": 3850,
                "height": 2166,
                "caption": "The image captures an abstract, high-resolution close-up view where a sleek, bright green component intersects with a smooth, cream-colored frame set against a dark blue background. This composition visually represents the dynamic interplay between asset velocity and protocol constraints in decentralized finance."
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        {
            "@type": "Article",
            "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/on-chain-interest-rates/",
            "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/on-chain-interest-rates/",
            "headline": "On-Chain Interest Rates",
            "description": "Meaning ⎊ On-chain interest rates are dynamic, algorithmic costs of capital in DeFi, essential for derivatives pricing and systemic risk management, yet fundamentally challenge traditional risk-free rate assumptions. ⎊ Term",
            "datePublished": "2025-12-17T10:55:59+00:00",
            "dateModified": "2025-12-17T10:55:59+00:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
                "name": "Greeks.live",
                "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/"
            },
            "image": {
                "@type": "ImageObject",
                "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/visualizing-layered-financial-derivative-tranches-and-decentralized-autonomous-organization-protocols.jpg",
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        {
            "@type": "Article",
            "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/perpetual-options-funding-rates/",
            "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/perpetual-options-funding-rates/",
            "headline": "Perpetual Options Funding Rates",
            "description": "Meaning ⎊ Perpetual options funding rates are dynamic payment mechanisms that replace time decay, anchoring the option's price to its theoretical value by compensating liquidity providers for specific option risks. ⎊ Term",
            "datePublished": "2025-12-16T11:19:28+00:00",
            "dateModified": "2025-12-16T11:19:28+00:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
                "name": "Greeks.live",
                "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/"
            },
            "image": {
                "@type": "ImageObject",
                "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/decentralized-perpetual-futures-contract-smart-contract-execution-protocol-mechanism-architecture.jpg",
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    ],
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    }
}
```


---

**Original URL:** https://term.greeks.live/area/implied-interest-rates/resource/2/
