# Forward Variance Rate ⎊ Area ⎊ Resource 1 --- ## What is the Calculation of Forward Variance Rate? Forward Variance Rate represents an implied volatility measure extrapolated from the options market, projecting expected future volatility over a specific period. It’s derived from a series of option prices, typically using bootstrapping techniques, and provides a market-based forecast distinct from historical volatility assessments. This rate is crucial for pricing and hedging complex derivatives, particularly in cryptocurrency markets where volatility is often elevated and dynamic, influencing risk management strategies. Accurate determination of this rate requires robust models and careful consideration of liquidity and market microstructure effects. ## What is the Adjustment of Forward Variance Rate? In cryptocurrency derivatives, the Forward Variance Rate undergoes adjustments reflecting the unique characteristics of these markets, including the 24/7 trading cycle and the potential for rapid price swings. Unlike traditional markets, the continuous trading nature necessitates frequent recalibration of the rate to account for new information and changing market sentiment. Furthermore, funding rates and the basis between spot and futures markets introduce additional complexities requiring adjustments to the standard calculation methodologies. These adjustments are vital for maintaining the accuracy and relevance of the rate for pricing and risk assessment. ## What is the Algorithm of Forward Variance Rate? The computation of the Forward Variance Rate relies on algorithmic models that iteratively solve for the implied variance term structure. These algorithms typically employ numerical methods, such as the Nelson-Siegel model or similar parametric approaches, to fit the observed options prices. Sophisticated implementations incorporate stochastic volatility models and jump-diffusion processes to better capture the non-normal return distributions often observed in cryptocurrency markets. The precision of the algorithm and the quality of the input data are paramount for generating reliable forward-looking volatility estimates. --- ## [Variance Swaps](https://term.greeks.live/definition/variance-swaps/) A contract allowing traders to speculate on or hedge against the realized volatility of an asset without directional bias. ⎊ Definition ## [Volatility Hedging](https://term.greeks.live/definition/volatility-hedging/) Using financial derivatives like options or futures to protect liquidity positions against adverse price movements. ⎊ Definition ## [Risk-Free Rate Calculation](https://term.greeks.live/term/risk-free-rate-calculation/) Meaning ⎊ The Risk-Free Rate Calculation in crypto options requires adapting traditional models to account for dynamic on-chain lending yields and inherent protocol risks. ⎊ Definition ## [Perpetual Futures Funding Rate](https://term.greeks.live/definition/perpetual-futures-funding-rate/) Periodic payments between long and short traders to ensure perpetual contract prices track the underlying spot index price. ⎊ Definition ## [Funding Rate Mechanisms](https://term.greeks.live/term/funding-rate-mechanisms/) Meaning ⎊ Funding rates in derivatives maintain price alignment through continuous interest payments, acting as a dynamic cost of carry that replaces traditional premium decay. ⎊ Definition ## [Risk-Free Rate Assumption](https://term.greeks.live/term/risk-free-rate-assumption/) Meaning ⎊ The Risk-Free Rate Assumption in crypto options pricing is a critical challenge where traditional models fail due to the absence of a truly risk-free asset in decentralized markets. ⎊ Definition ## [Risk-Free Rate Proxy](https://term.greeks.live/definition/risk-free-rate-proxy/) A benchmark yield used in crypto to estimate the theoretical risk-free return for pricing and valuation models. ⎊ Definition ## [Risk-Free Rate Ambiguity](https://term.greeks.live/term/risk-free-rate-ambiguity/) Meaning ⎊ Risk-Free Rate Ambiguity describes the challenge of calculating a reliable time value of money for crypto options due to the lack of a sovereign benchmark and the fragmentation of yield sources. ⎊ Definition ## [Funding Rate Volatility](https://term.greeks.live/definition/funding-rate-volatility/) Unpredictable shifts in the periodic fees paid between long and short traders, complicating yield and cost projections. ⎊ Definition ## [Perpetual Options Funding Rate](https://term.greeks.live/term/perpetual-options-funding-rate/) Meaning ⎊ The perpetual options funding rate replaces time decay with a continuous cost of carry, ensuring non-expiring options remain tethered to their theoretical fair value through arbitrage incentives. ⎊ Definition ## [Funding Rate Impact](https://term.greeks.live/definition/funding-rate-impact/) Periodic payments in perpetual swaps that align derivative prices with spot prices, affecting strategy holding costs. ⎊ Definition ## [Futures Funding Rate](https://term.greeks.live/term/futures-funding-rate/) Meaning ⎊ The funding rate is the periodic payment mechanism in perpetual futures that maintains price convergence between the derivative contract and its underlying spot asset. ⎊ Definition ## [Risk-Free Rate Assumptions](https://term.greeks.live/term/risk-free-rate-assumptions/) Meaning ⎊ The Risk-Free Rate Assumption in crypto options pricing is a critical challenge requiring a shift from traditional models to dynamic, on-chain proxies like stablecoin yields and liquid staking derivatives. ⎊ Definition ## [Forward Funding Rate Calculation](https://term.greeks.live/term/forward-funding-rate-calculation/) Meaning ⎊ The forward funding rate calculation is the core mechanism in perpetual futures that maintains price alignment between the derivative contract and the underlying spot asset through continuous incentive-based payments. ⎊ Definition ## [Forward Funding Rate](https://term.greeks.live/term/forward-funding-rate/) Meaning ⎊ The Forward Funding Rate is the core mechanism in crypto derivatives that anchors perpetual swap prices to the underlying asset, acting as a dynamic cost of carry to ensure market convergence. ⎊ Definition ## [Forward Price Calculation](https://term.greeks.live/term/forward-price-calculation/) Meaning ⎊ Forward price calculation establishes the theoretical arbitrage-free value of an asset at a future date, providing the essential foundation for pricing options and managing risk in decentralized markets. ⎊ Definition ## [Forward Rate Curve](https://term.greeks.live/term/forward-rate-curve/) Meaning ⎊ The crypto forward rate curve represents the market's implied cost of capital derived from derivatives, crucial for pricing risk and managing strategies in decentralized markets. ⎊ Definition ## [Forward Contract](https://term.greeks.live/definition/forward-contract/) A private agreement to exchange assets at a set price on a future date, bypassing central exchanges and carrying risk. ⎊ Definition ## [Variance](https://term.greeks.live/definition/variance/) The square of the standard deviation, representing the total dispersion and risk of an asset's returns. ⎊ Definition ## [Forward Price](https://term.greeks.live/definition/forward-price/) The agreed upon price for a transaction in the future. ⎊ Definition ## [Risk Variance](https://term.greeks.live/definition/risk-variance/) A statistical measure of the dispersion of returns around the expected mean value. ⎊ Definition ## [Price Variance](https://term.greeks.live/definition/price-variance/) Statistical measure of how much price changes deviate from the average, acting as a key volatility indicator. ⎊ Definition ## [Portfolio Variance Optimization](https://term.greeks.live/definition/portfolio-variance-optimization/) Managing the sensitivity of delta to price changes by adjusting underlying positions to maintain a neutral risk stance. ⎊ Definition ## [Variance Risk Premium](https://term.greeks.live/definition/variance-risk-premium/) The compensation investors receive for taking on the risk of future volatility fluctuations. ⎊ Definition ## [Variance Swap](https://term.greeks.live/definition/variance-swap/) Derivative contract allowing investors to trade realized asset variance against a fixed strike price for volatility exposure. ⎊ Definition ## [Portfolio Variance](https://term.greeks.live/definition/portfolio-variance/) Statistical measure of portfolio risk based on individual asset variances and their inter-asset correlations. ⎊ Definition ## [Forward Rate Agreements](https://term.greeks.live/definition/forward-rate-agreements/) Contracts locking in interest rates for future periods to hedge against rate volatility and manage financial exposure. ⎊ Definition ## [Forward Volatility](https://term.greeks.live/definition/forward-volatility/) The expected future volatility of an asset over a specific period, derived from the volatility term structure. ⎊ Definition ## [Forward Price Discovery](https://term.greeks.live/definition/forward-price-discovery/) The process of using derivative markets to determine and signal the expected future value of an asset. ⎊ Definition ## [Variance Swaps Trading](https://term.greeks.live/term/variance-swaps-trading/) Meaning ⎊ Variance Swaps provide a precise, pure-play mechanism for trading volatility, enabling market participants to isolate and hedge realized variance. ⎊ Definition --- ## Raw Schema Data ```json { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 1, "name": "Home", "item": "https://term.greeks.live/" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 2, "name": "Area", "item": "https://term.greeks.live/area/" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 3, "name": "Forward Variance Rate", "item": "https://term.greeks.live/area/forward-variance-rate/" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 4, "name": "Resource 1", "item": "https://term.greeks.live/area/forward-variance-rate/resource/1/" } ] } ``` ```json { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "FAQPage", "mainEntity": [ { "@type": "Question", "name": "What is the Calculation of Forward Variance Rate?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Forward Variance Rate represents an implied volatility measure extrapolated from the options market, projecting expected future volatility over a specific period. 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The inner component is light-colored, while the outer shell is dark blue, revealing a mechanical junction featuring a vibrant green ring, a blue metallic ring, and underlying gear-like structures." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/forward-funding-rate/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/forward-funding-rate/", "headline": "Forward Funding Rate", "description": "Meaning ⎊ The Forward Funding Rate is the core mechanism in crypto derivatives that anchors perpetual swap prices to the underlying asset, acting as a dynamic cost of carry to ensure market convergence. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2025-12-16T08:12:45+00:00", "dateModified": "2025-12-16T08:12:45+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/high-frequency-trading-algorithmic-execution-module-for-perpetual-futures-arbitrage-and-alpha-generation.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "This abstract 3D rendered object, featuring sharp fins and a glowing green element, represents a high-frequency trading algorithmic execution module. 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The composition shows a dynamic, futuristic shape with contrasting textures and a sharp pointed structure on the right side." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/forward-rate-curve/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/forward-rate-curve/", "headline": "Forward Rate Curve", "description": "Meaning ⎊ The crypto forward rate curve represents the market's implied cost of capital derived from derivatives, crucial for pricing risk and managing strategies in decentralized markets. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2025-12-21T10:41:16+00:00", "dateModified": "2025-12-21T10:41:16+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/high-frequency-trading-algorithmic-execution-model-reflecting-decentralized-autonomous-organization-governance-and-options-premium-dynamics.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "The image displays a high-tech, aerodynamic object with dark blue, bright neon green, and white segments. Its futuristic design suggests advanced technology or a component from a sophisticated system." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/forward-contract/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/forward-contract/", "headline": "Forward Contract", "description": "A private agreement to exchange assets at a set price on a future date, bypassing central exchanges and carrying risk. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2026-03-09T13:40:02+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-03-12T12:16:23+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/high-frequency-trading-algorithmic-execution-model-reflecting-decentralized-autonomous-organization-governance-and-options-premium-dynamics.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "The image displays a high-tech, aerodynamic object with dark blue, bright neon green, and white segments. Its futuristic design suggests advanced technology or a component from a sophisticated system." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/variance/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/variance/", "headline": "Variance", "description": "The square of the standard deviation, representing the total dispersion and risk of an asset's returns. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2026-03-09T13:41:41+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-03-20T23:26:21+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/collateralization-of-structured-products-and-layered-risk-tranches-in-decentralized-finance-ecosystems.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "A complex, layered abstract form dominates the frame, showcasing smooth, flowing surfaces in dark blue, beige, bright blue, and vibrant green. The various elements fit together organically, suggesting a cohesive, multi-part structure with a central core." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/forward-price/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/forward-price/", "headline": "Forward Price", "description": "The agreed upon price for a transaction in the future. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2026-03-09T13:53:38+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-03-09T14:25:49+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/multilayered-collateralized-debt-position-architecture-for-synthetic-asset-arbitrage-and-volatility-tranches.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "A detailed abstract 3D render displays a complex assembly of geometric shapes, primarily featuring a central green metallic ring and a pointed, layered front structure. The arrangement incorporates angular facets in shades of white, beige, and blue, set against a dark background, creating a sense of dynamic, forward motion." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/risk-variance/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/risk-variance/", "headline": "Risk Variance", "description": "A statistical measure of the dispersion of returns around the expected mean value. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2026-03-09T14:11:31+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-03-09T14:16:46+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/sequential-execution-logic-and-multi-layered-risk-collateralization-within-decentralized-finance-perpetual-futures-and-options-tranche-models.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "The visual features a series of interconnected, smooth, ring-like segments in a vibrant color gradient, including deep blue, bright green, and off-white against a dark background. The perspective creates a sense of continuous flow and progression from one element to the next, emphasizing the sequential nature of the structure." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/price-variance/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/price-variance/", "headline": "Price Variance", "description": "Statistical measure of how much price changes deviate from the average, acting as a key volatility indicator. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2026-03-09T16:18:58+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-03-09T16:20:28+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/intertwined-financial-derivatives-options-chain-dynamics-representing-decentralized-finance-risk-management.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "This abstract composition showcases four fluid, spiraling bands—deep blue, bright blue, vibrant green, and off-white—twisting around a central vortex on a dark background. The structure appears to be in constant motion, symbolizing a dynamic and complex system." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/portfolio-variance-optimization/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/portfolio-variance-optimization/", "headline": "Portfolio Variance Optimization", "description": "Managing the sensitivity of delta to price changes by adjusting underlying positions to maintain a neutral risk stance. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2026-03-09T18:05:32+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-03-27T08:44:53+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/advanced-volatility-hedging-strategies-with-structured-cryptocurrency-derivatives-and-options-chain-analysis.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "A three-dimensional abstract rendering showcases a series of layered archways receding into a dark, ambiguous background. The prominent structure in the foreground features distinct layers in green, off-white, and dark grey, while a similar blue structure appears behind it." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/variance-risk-premium/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/variance-risk-premium/", "headline": "Variance Risk Premium", "description": "The compensation investors receive for taking on the risk of future volatility fluctuations. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2026-03-09T18:35:59+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-03-24T02:10:15+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/dynamic-layered-mechanism-visualizing-decentralized-finance-derivative-protocol-risk-management-and-collateralization.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "A complex, layered mechanism featuring dynamic bands of neon green, bright blue, and beige against a dark metallic structure. The bands flow and interact, suggesting intricate moving parts within a larger system." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/variance-swap/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/variance-swap/", "headline": "Variance Swap", "description": "Derivative contract allowing investors to trade realized asset variance against a fixed strike price for volatility exposure. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2026-03-10T02:06:21+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-03-23T00:47:10+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/analyzing-decentralized-finance-options-chain-interdependence-and-layered-risk-tranches-in-market-microstructure.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "A high-resolution, close-up rendering displays several layered, colorful, curving bands connected by a mechanical pivot point or joint. The varying shades of blue, green, and dark tones suggest different components or layers within a complex system." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/portfolio-variance/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/portfolio-variance/", "headline": "Portfolio Variance", "description": "Statistical measure of portfolio risk based on individual asset variances and their inter-asset correlations. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2026-03-10T02:41:26+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-03-27T21:10:23+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/algorithmic-execution-and-multi-asset-hedging-strategies-in-decentralized-finance-protocol-layers.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "A close-up view reveals a stylized, layered inlet or vent on a dark blue, smooth surface. The structure consists of several rounded elements, transitioning in color from a beige outer layer to dark blue, white, and culminating in a vibrant green inner component." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/forward-rate-agreements/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/forward-rate-agreements/", "headline": "Forward Rate Agreements", "description": "Contracts locking in interest rates for future periods to hedge against rate volatility and manage financial exposure. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2026-03-10T04:20:08+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-04-01T08:47:05+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/decentralized-finance-protocol-mechanics-illustrating-automated-market-maker-liquidity-and-perpetual-funding-rate-calculation.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "A close-up view presents an abstract mechanical device featuring interconnected circular components in deep blue and dark gray tones. A vivid green light traces a path along the central component and an outer ring, suggesting active operation or data transmission within the system." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/forward-volatility/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/forward-volatility/", "headline": "Forward Volatility", "description": "The expected future volatility of an asset over a specific period, derived from the volatility term structure. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2026-03-11T01:37:12+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-04-06T05:05:27+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/dynamic-financial-derivatives-liquidity-funnel-representing-volatility-surface-and-implied-volatility-dynamics.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "This abstract visual composition features smooth, flowing forms in deep blue tones, contrasted by a prominent, bright green segment. The design conceptually models the intricate mechanics of financial derivatives and structured products in a modern DeFi ecosystem." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/forward-price-discovery/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/forward-price-discovery/", "headline": "Forward Price Discovery", "description": "The process of using derivative markets to determine and signal the expected future value of an asset. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2026-03-11T13:11:08+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-03-11T13:11:33+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/high-frequency-trading-algorithmic-execution-module-for-perpetual-futures-arbitrage-and-alpha-generation.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "This abstract 3D rendered object, featuring sharp fins and a glowing green element, represents a high-frequency trading algorithmic execution module. The design acts as a metaphor for the intricate machinery required for advanced strategies in cryptocurrency derivative markets." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/variance-swaps-trading/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/variance-swaps-trading/", "headline": "Variance Swaps Trading", "description": "Meaning ⎊ Variance Swaps provide a precise, pure-play mechanism for trading volatility, enabling market participants to isolate and hedge realized variance. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2026-03-11T16:59:15+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-03-11T17:00:00+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/algorithmic-collateralization-mechanism-for-cross-chain-asset-tokenization-and-advanced-defi-derivative-securitization.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "A minimalist, dark blue object, shaped like a carabiner, holds a light-colored, bone-like internal component against a dark background. A circular green ring glows at the object's pivot point, providing a stark color contrast." } } ], "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/decentralized-protocol-interoperability-architecture-facilitating-cross-chain-atomic-swaps-between-distinct-layer-1-ecosystems.jpg" } } ``` --- **Original URL:** https://term.greeks.live/area/forward-variance-rate/resource/1/