# Discounted Nominal Interest Rates ⎊ Area ⎊ Resource 1

---

## What is the Calculation of Discounted Nominal Interest Rates?

Discounted nominal interest rates, within cryptocurrency derivatives, represent the adjustment of stated interest rates to reflect the time value of money, crucial for pricing and risk management of instruments like perpetual swaps and futures. These rates are not simply the advertised nominal rate but are reduced to account for the opportunity cost of capital and the inherent risk associated with holding an asset over a specific period. Applying a discount factor, derived from prevailing market conditions and risk-free rates, ensures accurate valuation of future cash flows, impacting trading strategies and portfolio construction. Consequently, understanding this discounting process is fundamental for assessing the true cost of financing or the expected return on investment in the crypto space.

## What is the Adjustment of Discounted Nominal Interest Rates?

The application of discounted nominal interest rates in options trading, particularly with crypto options, necessitates a nuanced understanding of implied volatility and its relationship to risk-free rates. Adjustments are made to the cost of carry, which includes interest rates and storage costs, to accurately price options contracts, especially those with longer maturities. This process is vital for arbitrage opportunities, where discrepancies between theoretical and market prices can be exploited, and for hedging strategies designed to mitigate directional risk. Furthermore, the adjustment process considers the unique characteristics of cryptocurrency markets, such as higher volatility and potential regulatory changes, influencing the discount rate applied.

## What is the Algorithm of Discounted Nominal Interest Rates?

Algorithms employed in financial derivatives pricing heavily rely on discounted nominal interest rates as a core input for models like the Black-Scholes or more complex stochastic volatility models. These algorithms iteratively calculate the present value of expected future payoffs, using the discounted rate to reflect the time value of money and associated risks. In the context of crypto, algorithmic trading strategies often incorporate real-time adjustments to these rates based on on-chain data, exchange rates, and market sentiment. The precision of these algorithms directly impacts the efficiency of price discovery and the profitability of automated trading systems, demanding continuous calibration and refinement.


---

## [Perpetual Futures Funding Rates](https://term.greeks.live/definition/perpetual-futures-funding-rates/)

Periodic payments in perpetual contracts that keep the derivative price aligned with the underlying spot market price. ⎊ Definition

## [Stablecoin Lending Rates](https://term.greeks.live/term/stablecoin-lending-rates/)

Meaning ⎊ Stablecoin lending rates are the algorithmic price of liquidity in decentralized markets, dynamically balancing supply and demand to facilitate overcollateralized leverage and manage systemic risk. ⎊ Definition

## [DeFi Lending Rates](https://term.greeks.live/definition/defi-lending-rates/)

Algorithmic interest rates set by supply and demand for borrowed assets within decentralized lending protocols. ⎊ Definition

## [Algorithmic Interest Rates](https://term.greeks.live/definition/algorithmic-interest-rates/)

Interest rates determined by automated mathematical models in decentralized protocols. ⎊ Definition

## [Real-Time Funding Rates](https://term.greeks.live/term/real-time-funding-rates/)

Meaning ⎊ Real-Time Funding Rates are the periodic payments that align perpetual futures prices with spot prices, serving as a dynamic cost of carry and primary arbitrage incentive. ⎊ Definition

## [Perpetual Options Funding Rates](https://term.greeks.live/term/perpetual-options-funding-rates/)

Meaning ⎊ Perpetual options funding rates are dynamic payment mechanisms that replace time decay, anchoring the option's price to its theoretical value by compensating liquidity providers for specific option risks. ⎊ Definition

## [On-Chain Interest Rates](https://term.greeks.live/term/on-chain-interest-rates/)

Meaning ⎊ On-chain interest rates are dynamic, algorithmic costs of capital in DeFi, essential for derivatives pricing and systemic risk management, yet fundamentally challenge traditional risk-free rate assumptions. ⎊ Definition

## [Protocol Utilization Rates](https://term.greeks.live/term/protocol-utilization-rates/)

Meaning ⎊ Protocol utilization rates measure the proportion of assets committed to backing derivatives, acting as a critical indicator of capital efficiency and systemic risk within decentralized options protocols. ⎊ Definition

## [Term Structure of Interest Rates](https://term.greeks.live/definition/term-structure-of-interest-rates/)

The relationship between interest rates and time to maturity, showing market expectations for future rate paths. ⎊ Definition

## [Lending Protocol Rates](https://term.greeks.live/term/lending-protocol-rates/)

Meaning ⎊ Lending protocol rates are the dynamic, algorithmic cost of capital in DeFi, essential for pricing derivatives and managing systemic liquidity risk in decentralized markets. ⎊ Definition

## [On-Chain Lending Rates](https://term.greeks.live/term/on-chain-lending-rates/)

Meaning ⎊ On-chain lending rates are algorithmically determined interest rates that govern the supply and demand for assets within a decentralized liquidity pool, acting as the primary mechanism for capital allocation in DeFi protocols. ⎊ Definition

## [Stochastic Interest Rates](https://term.greeks.live/term/stochastic-interest-rates/)

Meaning ⎊ Stochastic interest rates model the volatility of on-chain yields as a random process, providing a necessary framework for accurately pricing crypto options where traditional static rate assumptions fail. ⎊ Definition

## [Non-Linear Rates](https://term.greeks.live/term/non-linear-rates/)

Meaning ⎊ Non-linear rates in crypto options quantify second-order risk exposure, where changes in underlying asset prices or volatility create disproportionate shifts in derivative value, demanding dynamic risk management. ⎊ Definition

## [Dynamic Funding Rates](https://term.greeks.live/term/dynamic-funding-rates/)

Meaning ⎊ Dynamic funding rates are continuous payments in perpetual futures contracts that tether the derivative price to the spot price, acting as a critical balancing mechanism for market equilibrium. ⎊ Definition

## [Perpetual Funding Rates](https://term.greeks.live/definition/perpetual-funding-rates/)

Periodic payments between long and short traders to keep perpetual contract prices aligned with the underlying spot index. ⎊ Definition

## [Perpetual Swaps Funding Rates](https://term.greeks.live/term/perpetual-swaps-funding-rates/)

Meaning ⎊ Perpetual Swaps Funding Rates are a critical financial primitive that anchors derivative prices to spot prices through continuous payments, acting as a powerful lever for market sentiment and arbitrage. ⎊ Definition

## [Interest Rates](https://term.greeks.live/definition/interest-rates/)

The price paid for borrowing or the reward for lending capital, serving as the core cost of money in financial markets. ⎊ Definition

## [Short-Term Rates](https://term.greeks.live/definition/short-term-rates/)

Interest rates for financial instruments with maturities of one year or less, strongly linked to central bank policy. ⎊ Definition

## [Discounted Cash Flow](https://term.greeks.live/definition/discounted-cash-flow/)

A valuation technique that estimates the present value of an investment based on its expected future cash flows. ⎊ Definition

## [Currency Exchange Rates](https://term.greeks.live/term/currency-exchange-rates/)

Meaning ⎊ Currency exchange rates function as the primary signal for capital allocation and risk management within decentralized financial protocols. ⎊ Definition

## [Discounted Cash Flow in Crypto](https://term.greeks.live/definition/discounted-cash-flow-in-crypto/)

A valuation technique that estimates the present value of a protocol's future earnings, adjusted for risk. ⎊ Definition

## [Discounted Cash Flow Analysis](https://term.greeks.live/definition/discounted-cash-flow-analysis/)

A method to value an investment by calculating the present worth of its projected future cash inflows. ⎊ Definition

## [Convergence Rates](https://term.greeks.live/definition/convergence-rates/)

The speed at which a numerical approximation approaches the exact theoretical value as computational iterations increase. ⎊ Definition

## [Market Data Refresh Rates](https://term.greeks.live/definition/market-data-refresh-rates/)

The frequency at which price and order book information is updated and broadcast to market participants. ⎊ Definition

## [Staking Emission Rates](https://term.greeks.live/definition/staking-emission-rates/)

The programmed rate of new token creation distributed to network participants as a reward for securing the protocol. ⎊ Definition

## [Token Inflation Rates](https://term.greeks.live/definition/token-inflation-rates/)

The percentage rate at which a token's total supply increases, impacting individual holder value. ⎊ Definition

## [Volatility Decay Rates](https://term.greeks.live/definition/volatility-decay-rates/)

The mathematical erosion of value in leveraged assets caused by the compounding effect of daily price fluctuations over time. ⎊ Definition

## [Validator Slot Miss Rates](https://term.greeks.live/definition/validator-slot-miss-rates/)

The frequency of missed block proposals indicating network instability or validator inefficiency. ⎊ Definition

## [False Acceptance Rates](https://term.greeks.live/definition/false-acceptance-rates/)

The statistical likelihood of an unauthorized user being incorrectly granted access to a secure financial account or system. ⎊ Definition

## [Discounted Cash Flow Valuation](https://term.greeks.live/definition/discounted-cash-flow-valuation/)

Estimating investment value by discounting projected future cash flows to their present value using a risk-adjusted rate. ⎊ Definition

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            "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/non-linear-rates/",
            "headline": "Non-Linear Rates",
            "description": "Meaning ⎊ Non-linear rates in crypto options quantify second-order risk exposure, where changes in underlying asset prices or volatility create disproportionate shifts in derivative value, demanding dynamic risk management. ⎊ Definition",
            "datePublished": "2025-12-20T09:20:22+00:00",
            "dateModified": "2025-12-20T09:20:22+00:00",
            "author": {
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            "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/dynamic-funding-rates/",
            "headline": "Dynamic Funding Rates",
            "description": "Meaning ⎊ Dynamic funding rates are continuous payments in perpetual futures contracts that tether the derivative price to the spot price, acting as a critical balancing mechanism for market equilibrium. ⎊ Definition",
            "datePublished": "2025-12-20T10:51:00+00:00",
            "dateModified": "2026-01-04T18:33:53+00:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
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                "caption": "The image captures an abstract, high-resolution close-up view where a sleek, bright green component intersects with a smooth, cream-colored frame set against a dark blue background. This composition visually represents the dynamic interplay between asset velocity and protocol constraints in decentralized finance."
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            "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/perpetual-funding-rates/",
            "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/perpetual-funding-rates/",
            "headline": "Perpetual Funding Rates",
            "description": "Periodic payments between long and short traders to keep perpetual contract prices aligned with the underlying spot index. ⎊ Definition",
            "datePublished": "2025-12-21T09:51:41+00:00",
            "dateModified": "2026-04-06T08:49:05+00:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
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            "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/perpetual-swaps-funding-rates/",
            "headline": "Perpetual Swaps Funding Rates",
            "description": "Meaning ⎊ Perpetual Swaps Funding Rates are a critical financial primitive that anchors derivative prices to spot prices through continuous payments, acting as a powerful lever for market sentiment and arbitrage. ⎊ Definition",
            "datePublished": "2025-12-22T10:03:04+00:00",
            "dateModified": "2025-12-22T10:03:04+00:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
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                "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/"
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            "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/interest-rates/",
            "headline": "Interest Rates",
            "description": "The price paid for borrowing or the reward for lending capital, serving as the core cost of money in financial markets. ⎊ Definition",
            "datePublished": "2026-03-09T14:54:13+00:00",
            "dateModified": "2026-03-11T14:57:37+00:00",
            "author": {
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            "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/short-term-rates/",
            "headline": "Short-Term Rates",
            "description": "Interest rates for financial instruments with maturities of one year or less, strongly linked to central bank policy. ⎊ Definition",
            "datePublished": "2026-03-09T19:08:12+00:00",
            "dateModified": "2026-03-09T19:10:29+00:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
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                "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/"
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            "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/discounted-cash-flow/",
            "headline": "Discounted Cash Flow",
            "description": "A valuation technique that estimates the present value of an investment based on its expected future cash flows. ⎊ Definition",
            "datePublished": "2026-03-09T19:45:36+00:00",
            "dateModified": "2026-03-21T12:39:26+00:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
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                "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/"
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            "image": {
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            "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/currency-exchange-rates/",
            "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/currency-exchange-rates/",
            "headline": "Currency Exchange Rates",
            "description": "Meaning ⎊ Currency exchange rates function as the primary signal for capital allocation and risk management within decentralized financial protocols. ⎊ Definition",
            "datePublished": "2026-03-10T01:39:13+00:00",
            "dateModified": "2026-03-10T01:40:49+00:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
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                "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/"
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            "image": {
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                "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/visualizing-complex-interlocking-derivative-structures-and-collateralized-debt-positions-in-decentralized-finance.jpg",
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                "height": 2166,
                "caption": "A macro abstract image captures the smooth, layered composition of overlapping forms in deep blue, vibrant green, and beige tones. The objects display gentle transitions between colors and light reflections, creating a sense of dynamic depth and complexity."
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            "@type": "Article",
            "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/discounted-cash-flow-in-crypto/",
            "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/discounted-cash-flow-in-crypto/",
            "headline": "Discounted Cash Flow in Crypto",
            "description": "A valuation technique that estimates the present value of a protocol's future earnings, adjusted for risk. ⎊ Definition",
            "datePublished": "2026-03-10T02:51:56+00:00",
            "dateModified": "2026-03-10T02:54:22+00:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
                "name": "Greeks.live",
                "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/"
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                "width": 3850,
                "height": 2166,
                "caption": "Abstract, smooth layers of material in varying shades of blue, green, and cream flow and stack against a dark background, creating a sense of dynamic movement. The layers transition from a bright green core to darker and lighter hues on the periphery."
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        },
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            "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/discounted-cash-flow-analysis/",
            "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/discounted-cash-flow-analysis/",
            "headline": "Discounted Cash Flow Analysis",
            "description": "A method to value an investment by calculating the present worth of its projected future cash inflows. ⎊ Definition",
            "datePublished": "2026-03-10T04:01:20+00:00",
            "dateModified": "2026-04-10T19:39:37+00:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
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                "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/"
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                "@type": "ImageObject",
                "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/quant-trading-engine-market-microstructure-analysis-rfq-optimization-collateralization-ratio-derivatives.jpg",
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                "height": 2166,
                "caption": "The image depicts an intricate abstract mechanical assembly, highlighting complex flow dynamics. The central spiraling blue element represents the continuous calculation of implied volatility and path dependence for pricing exotic derivatives."
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        },
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            "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/convergence-rates/",
            "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/convergence-rates/",
            "headline": "Convergence Rates",
            "description": "The speed at which a numerical approximation approaches the exact theoretical value as computational iterations increase. ⎊ Definition",
            "datePublished": "2026-03-12T06:08:57+00:00",
            "dateModified": "2026-03-12T06:09:14+00:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
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        },
        {
            "@type": "Article",
            "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/market-data-refresh-rates/",
            "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/market-data-refresh-rates/",
            "headline": "Market Data Refresh Rates",
            "description": "The frequency at which price and order book information is updated and broadcast to market participants. ⎊ Definition",
            "datePublished": "2026-03-13T02:31:09+00:00",
            "dateModified": "2026-03-13T02:31:29+00:00",
            "author": {
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            "@type": "Article",
            "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/staking-emission-rates/",
            "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/staking-emission-rates/",
            "headline": "Staking Emission Rates",
            "description": "The programmed rate of new token creation distributed to network participants as a reward for securing the protocol. ⎊ Definition",
            "datePublished": "2026-03-14T10:28:03+00:00",
            "dateModified": "2026-04-12T15:08:40+00:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
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                "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/"
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            "image": {
                "@type": "ImageObject",
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                "width": 3850,
                "height": 2166,
                "caption": "A high-tech, geometric sphere composed of dark blue and off-white polygonal segments is centered against a dark background. The structure features recessed areas with glowing neon green and bright blue lines, suggesting an active, complex mechanism."
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        {
            "@type": "Article",
            "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/token-inflation-rates/",
            "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/token-inflation-rates/",
            "headline": "Token Inflation Rates",
            "description": "The percentage rate at which a token's total supply increases, impacting individual holder value. ⎊ Definition",
            "datePublished": "2026-03-14T12:01:53+00:00",
            "dateModified": "2026-03-19T17:06:19+00:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
                "name": "Greeks.live",
                "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/"
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            "image": {
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                "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/decentralized-perpetual-futures-contract-smart-contract-execution-protocol-mechanism-architecture.jpg",
                "width": 3850,
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                "caption": "A detailed cross-section reveals a complex, high-precision mechanical component within a dark blue casing. The internal mechanism features teal cylinders and intricate metallic elements, suggesting a carefully engineered system in operation."
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        },
        {
            "@type": "Article",
            "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/volatility-decay-rates/",
            "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/volatility-decay-rates/",
            "headline": "Volatility Decay Rates",
            "description": "The mathematical erosion of value in leveraged assets caused by the compounding effect of daily price fluctuations over time. ⎊ Definition",
            "datePublished": "2026-03-14T15:49:43+00:00",
            "dateModified": "2026-03-14T15:50:45+00:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
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                "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/"
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            "@type": "Article",
            "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/validator-slot-miss-rates/",
            "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/validator-slot-miss-rates/",
            "headline": "Validator Slot Miss Rates",
            "description": "The frequency of missed block proposals indicating network instability or validator inefficiency. ⎊ Definition",
            "datePublished": "2026-03-15T04:47:08+00:00",
            "dateModified": "2026-03-15T04:48:54+00:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
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                "caption": "A macro view displays two highly engineered black components designed for interlocking connection. The component on the right features a prominent bright green ring surrounding a complex blue internal mechanism, highlighting a precise assembly point."
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            "@type": "Article",
            "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/false-acceptance-rates/",
            "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/false-acceptance-rates/",
            "headline": "False Acceptance Rates",
            "description": "The statistical likelihood of an unauthorized user being incorrectly granted access to a secure financial account or system. ⎊ Definition",
            "datePublished": "2026-03-15T04:55:23+00:00",
            "dateModified": "2026-03-15T04:56:26+00:00",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
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            "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/discounted-cash-flow-valuation/",
            "headline": "Discounted Cash Flow Valuation",
            "description": "Estimating investment value by discounting projected future cash flows to their present value using a risk-adjusted rate. ⎊ Definition",
            "datePublished": "2026-03-15T11:24:08+00:00",
            "dateModified": "2026-03-15T11:24:56+00:00",
            "author": {
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                "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/"
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                "width": 3850,
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                "caption": "A high-tech, futuristic mechanical object, possibly a precision drone component or sensor module, is rendered in a dark blue, cream, and bright blue color palette. The front features a prominent, glowing green circular element reminiscent of an active lens or data input sensor, set against a dark, minimal background."
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}
```


---

**Original URL:** https://term.greeks.live/area/discounted-nominal-interest-rates/resource/1/
