# Discount Curve ⎊ Area ⎊ Resource 1 --- ## What is the Calculation of Discount Curve? The discount curve, within cryptocurrency derivatives, represents the present value of future cash flows, crucial for pricing and risk management of instruments like perpetual swaps and options. Its construction relies on observed market prices of instruments with varying maturities, effectively revealing market expectations regarding future interest rates or funding costs. Accurate curve estimation is paramount, as mispricing can lead to arbitrage opportunities or incorrect hedging ratios, particularly in volatile crypto markets where funding rates fluctuate significantly. Consequently, interpolation techniques and bootstrapping methods are frequently employed to derive rates for non-observed tenors, impacting the valuation of complex derivative structures. ## What is the Adjustment of Discount Curve? In the context of options trading, the discount curve serves as a foundational element for determining the fair value of options contracts, influencing the present value of expected payoffs. Adjustments to the curve are often necessary to account for credit risk associated with counterparties, especially in over-the-counter (OTC) markets where centralized clearing is absent. Furthermore, liquidity premiums may be incorporated, reflecting the cost of trading less liquid instruments, a common characteristic of many crypto derivatives. These adjustments directly affect the implied volatility surface and the pricing of exotic options, requiring sophisticated modeling techniques. ## What is the Algorithm of Discount Curve? Algorithmic trading strategies heavily utilize the discount curve for real-time pricing and execution of crypto derivatives, enabling automated arbitrage and hedging operations. The algorithm continuously monitors market data, recalculating the curve based on incoming trades and adjusting positions accordingly, optimizing for profit and minimizing risk. Sophisticated algorithms incorporate dynamic curve fitting, adapting to changing market conditions and incorporating factors like order book depth and trade volume. Effective implementation demands robust computational infrastructure and low-latency connectivity to exchanges, ensuring timely execution of trades. --- ## [Yield Curve Construction](https://term.greeks.live/definition/yield-curve-construction/) Plotting interest rates against maturities to visualize market expectations and value fixed income assets. ⎊ Definition ## [Dutch Auction Liquidation](https://term.greeks.live/term/dutch-auction-liquidation/) Meaning ⎊ Dutch Auction Liquidation provides a structured, time-based mechanism for price discovery in decentralized lending protocols to ensure efficient collateral sales during market stress. ⎊ Definition ## [Crypto Interest Rate Curve](https://term.greeks.live/term/crypto-interest-rate-curve/) Meaning ⎊ The Crypto Interest Rate Curve represents the fragmented term structure of borrowing costs across decentralized lending protocols and derivative markets. ⎊ Definition ## [Yield Curve](https://term.greeks.live/definition/yield-curve/) A graphical representation showing how borrowing interest rates scale in response to changes in asset utilization. ⎊ Definition ## [Yield Curve Modeling](https://term.greeks.live/term/yield-curve-modeling/) Meaning ⎊ Yield Curve Modeling in crypto options involves constructing and interpreting the volatility surface to price options and manage risk based on market expectations of future price variance. ⎊ Definition ## [Non-Linear Decay Curve](https://term.greeks.live/term/non-linear-decay-curve/) Meaning ⎊ The non-linear decay curve illustrates the accelerating loss of an option's extrinsic value as expiration nears, driven by increasing gamma exposure in volatile markets. ⎊ Definition ## [Utilization Curve](https://term.greeks.live/term/utilization-curve/) Meaning ⎊ The utilization curve is a core mechanism in decentralized lending that dynamically adjusts interest rates to balance capital efficiency with liquidity risk. ⎊ Definition ## [Utilization Curve Model](https://term.greeks.live/term/utilization-curve-model/) Meaning ⎊ The Utilization Curve Model dynamically adjusts options premiums and liquidity provider yields based on collateral utilization to manage risk and capital efficiency in decentralized options protocols. ⎊ Definition ## [Utilization Rate Curve](https://term.greeks.live/term/utilization-rate-curve/) Meaning ⎊ The Utilization Rate Curve in crypto options dictates the cost of capital for market makers, directly impacting pricing models and systemic liquidity risk. ⎊ Definition ## [Non-Linear Invariant Curve](https://term.greeks.live/term/non-linear-invariant-curve/) Meaning ⎊ The Non-Linear Invariant Curve is the core mathematical function enabling automated options market making by managing risk and pricing based on liquidity ratios. ⎊ Definition ## [Elliptic Curve Cryptography](https://term.greeks.live/definition/elliptic-curve-cryptography/) A compact and efficient public key system using curve math to secure digital assets with smaller key sizes. ⎊ Definition ## [Staking Yield Curve](https://term.greeks.live/term/staking-yield-curve/) Meaning ⎊ The Staking Yield Curve is a core primitive for decentralized finance that maps the time-value of staked capital, reflecting market expectations of network security, inflation, and illiquidity risk. ⎊ Definition ## [Interest Rate Curve](https://term.greeks.live/term/interest-rate-curve/) Meaning ⎊ The Interest Rate Curve in digital assets represents a synthetic term structure of stablecoin borrowing costs used to accurately price options and manage risk exposure. ⎊ Definition ## [Kinked Interest Rate Curve](https://term.greeks.live/definition/kinked-interest-rate-curve/) A two-stage interest rate model that scales costs aggressively once a target utilization threshold is surpassed. ⎊ Definition ## [Forward Rate Curve](https://term.greeks.live/term/forward-rate-curve/) Meaning ⎊ The crypto forward rate curve represents the market's implied cost of capital derived from derivatives, crucial for pricing risk and managing strategies in decentralized markets. ⎊ Definition ## [Fixed Discount Model](https://term.greeks.live/term/fixed-discount-model/) Meaning ⎊ The Fixed Discount Model provides a deterministic mathematical anchor for asset acquisition and liquidation within decentralized financial systems. ⎊ Definition ## [Discount Rate](https://term.greeks.live/definition/discount-rate/) The interest rate used to calculate the present value of future cash flows, reflecting the inherent risk of the asset. ⎊ Definition ## [Premium and Discount](https://term.greeks.live/definition/premium-and-discount/) Price deviation where a contract trades above or below the spot index. ⎊ Definition ## [Discount Factor](https://term.greeks.live/definition/discount-factor/) A multiplier that reduces future cash flows to their present value using an interest rate over a specific time. ⎊ Definition ## [Theta Curve](https://term.greeks.live/definition/theta-curve/) A graphical representation showing the non-linear acceleration of an option's time decay as it nears expiration. ⎊ Definition ## [Yield Curve Inversion](https://term.greeks.live/definition/yield-curve-inversion/) When short-term interest rates exceed long-term rates, often signaling impending economic or liquidity distress. ⎊ Definition ## [Hybrid Curve Mechanics](https://term.greeks.live/term/hybrid-curve-mechanics/) Meaning ⎊ Hybrid Curve Mechanics automate liquidity provision and risk management by dynamically adjusting pricing parameters to reflect real-time volatility. ⎊ Definition ## [Automated Market Maker Curve Stress](https://term.greeks.live/term/automated-market-maker-curve-stress/) Meaning ⎊ Automated Market Maker Curve Stress represents the systemic risk where pricing algorithms fail to maintain equilibrium during extreme market volatility. ⎊ Definition ## [Interest Rate Curve Testing](https://term.greeks.live/term/interest-rate-curve-testing/) Meaning ⎊ Interest Rate Curve Testing quantifies the resilience of decentralized financial yield models against systemic liquidity and collateral volatility shocks. ⎊ Definition ## [Risk Adjusted Discount Rate](https://term.greeks.live/definition/risk-adjusted-discount-rate/) An interest rate adjusted upwards to account for the specific technical and market risks inherent in digital assets. ⎊ Definition ## [Premium and Discount Arbitrage](https://term.greeks.live/definition/premium-and-discount-arbitrage/) Trading price discrepancies where derivatives trade at abnormal premiums or discounts to spot. ⎊ Definition ## [Yield Curve Analysis](https://term.greeks.live/definition/yield-curve-analysis/) The study of interest rates across different maturities to assess market expectations and economic conditions. ⎊ Definition ## [Curve Analysis](https://term.greeks.live/definition/curve-analysis/) The mathematical mapping of volatility or yield across time and price to uncover asset mispricing and risk exposure. ⎊ Definition ## [Theta Decay Curve](https://term.greeks.live/definition/theta-decay-curve/) A visual representation of how an option's time value erodes at an accelerating rate toward maturity. ⎊ Definition ## [Curve Fitting](https://term.greeks.live/definition/curve-fitting/) Over-optimizing a model to historical data, capturing random noise and failing to perform on future market conditions. ⎊ Definition --- ## Raw Schema Data ```json { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 1, "name": "Home", "item": "https://term.greeks.live/" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 2, "name": "Area", "item": "https://term.greeks.live/area/" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 3, "name": "Discount Curve", "item": "https://term.greeks.live/area/discount-curve/" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 4, "name": "Resource 1", "item": "https://term.greeks.live/area/discount-curve/resource/1/" } ] } ``` ```json { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "FAQPage", "mainEntity": [ { "@type": "Question", "name": "What is the Calculation of Discount Curve?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "The discount curve, within cryptocurrency derivatives, represents the present value of future cash flows, crucial for pricing and risk management of instruments like perpetual swaps and options. Its construction relies on observed market prices of instruments with varying maturities, effectively revealing market expectations regarding future interest rates or funding costs. Accurate curve estimation is paramount, as mispricing can lead to arbitrage opportunities or incorrect hedging ratios, particularly in volatile crypto markets where funding rates fluctuate significantly. Consequently, interpolation techniques and bootstrapping methods are frequently employed to derive rates for non-observed tenors, impacting the valuation of complex derivative structures." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "What is the Adjustment of Discount Curve?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "In the context of options trading, the discount curve serves as a foundational element for determining the fair value of options contracts, influencing the present value of expected payoffs. 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The structure appears spherical and reveals a cross-section of nested, undulating bands that diminish in size towards the center." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/forward-rate-curve/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/forward-rate-curve/", "headline": "Forward Rate Curve", "description": "Meaning ⎊ The crypto forward rate curve represents the market's implied cost of capital derived from derivatives, crucial for pricing risk and managing strategies in decentralized markets. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2025-12-21T10:41:16+00:00", "dateModified": "2025-12-21T10:41:16+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/high-frequency-trading-algorithmic-execution-model-reflecting-decentralized-autonomous-organization-governance-and-options-premium-dynamics.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "The image displays a high-tech, aerodynamic object with dark blue, bright neon green, and white segments. 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The design features precise, high-tech components in shades of blue and green, suggesting a complex mechanical or digital structure." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/discount-rate/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/discount-rate/", "headline": "Discount Rate", "description": "The interest rate used to calculate the present value of future cash flows, reflecting the inherent risk of the asset. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2026-03-09T13:53:34+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-03-12T07:21:44+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/visualizing-collateralized-debt-obligations-and-synthetic-asset-intertwining-in-decentralized-finance-liquidity-pools.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "A close-up view of a complex abstract sculpture features intertwined, smooth bands and rings in shades of blue, white, cream, and dark blue, contrasted with a bright green lattice structure. The composition emphasizes layered forms that wrap around a central spherical element, creating a sense of dynamic motion and depth." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/premium-and-discount/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/premium-and-discount/", "headline": "Premium and Discount", "description": "Price deviation where a contract trades above or below the spot index. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2026-03-09T14:01:40+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-03-09T14:27:30+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/multilayered-collateralization-structures-and-smart-contract-complexity-in-decentralized-finance-derivatives.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "A detailed cross-section reveals the complex, layered structure of a composite material. The layers, in hues of dark blue, cream, green, and light blue, are tightly wound and peel away to showcase a central, translucent green component." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/discount-factor/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/discount-factor/", "headline": "Discount Factor", "description": "A multiplier that reduces future cash flows to their present value using an interest rate over a specific time. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2026-03-09T18:45:43+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-03-09T18:47:05+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/dynamic-visualization-of-decentralized-finance-liquidity-flow-and-risk-mitigation-in-complex-options-derivatives.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "A high-tech abstract form featuring smooth dark surfaces and prominent bright green and light blue highlights within a recessed, dark container. The design gives a sense of sleek, futuristic technology and dynamic movement." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/theta-curve/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/theta-curve/", "headline": "Theta Curve", "description": "A graphical representation showing the non-linear acceleration of an option's time decay as it nears expiration. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2026-03-10T00:32:53+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-03-10T00:33:16+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/complex-structured-financial-product-architecture-modeling-systemic-risk-and-algorithmic-execution-efficiency.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "A cutaway view reveals the internal machinery of a streamlined, dark blue, high-velocity object. The central core consists of intricate green and blue components, suggesting a complex engine or power transmission system, encased within a beige inner structure." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/yield-curve-inversion/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/yield-curve-inversion/", "headline": "Yield Curve Inversion", "description": "When short-term interest rates exceed long-term rates, often signaling impending economic or liquidity distress. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2026-03-10T04:21:22+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-03-22T05:32:28+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/cryptocurrency-structured-product-architecture-modeling-layered-risk-tranches-for-decentralized-finance-yield-generation.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "This image features a minimalist, cylindrical object composed of several layered rings in varying colors. The object has a prominent bright green inner core protruding from a larger blue outer ring." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/hybrid-curve-mechanics/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/hybrid-curve-mechanics/", "headline": "Hybrid Curve Mechanics", "description": "Meaning ⎊ Hybrid Curve Mechanics automate liquidity provision and risk management by dynamically adjusting pricing parameters to reflect real-time volatility. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2026-03-10T23:04:06+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-03-10T23:04:49+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/abstract-visualization-of-advanced-defi-protocol-mechanics-demonstrating-arbitrage-and-structured-product-generation.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "A stylized, abstract object featuring a prominent dark triangular frame over a layered structure of white and blue components. The structure connects to a teal cylindrical body with a glowing green-lit opening, resting on a dark surface against a deep blue background." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/automated-market-maker-curve-stress/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/automated-market-maker-curve-stress/", "headline": "Automated Market Maker Curve Stress", "description": "Meaning ⎊ Automated Market Maker Curve Stress represents the systemic risk where pricing algorithms fail to maintain equilibrium during extreme market volatility. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2026-03-11T03:41:23+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-03-11T03:42:49+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/collateralized-debt-positions-and-automated-market-maker-architecture-in-decentralized-finance-risk-modeling.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "An abstract digital rendering showcases smooth, highly reflective bands in dark blue, cream, and vibrant green. The bands form intricate loops and intertwine, with a central cream band acting as a focal point for the other colored strands." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/interest-rate-curve-testing/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/interest-rate-curve-testing/", "headline": "Interest Rate Curve Testing", "description": "Meaning ⎊ Interest Rate Curve Testing quantifies the resilience of decentralized financial yield models against systemic liquidity and collateral volatility shocks. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2026-03-11T08:44:26+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-03-11T08:45:32+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/interconnection-of-complex-financial-derivatives-and-synthetic-collateralization-mechanisms-for-advanced-options-trading.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "This image captures a structural hub connecting multiple distinct arms against a dark background, illustrating a sophisticated mechanical junction. The central blue component acts as a high-precision joint for diverse elements." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/risk-adjusted-discount-rate/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/risk-adjusted-discount-rate/", "headline": "Risk Adjusted Discount Rate", "description": "An interest rate adjusted upwards to account for the specific technical and market risks inherent in digital assets. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2026-03-11T20:20:59+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-03-29T22:22:45+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/decentralized-protocol-architecture-visualizing-layered-financial-derivatives-collateralization-mechanisms.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "A three-dimensional visualization displays a spherical structure sliced open to reveal concentric internal layers. The layers consist of curved segments in various colors including green beige blue and grey surrounding a metallic central core." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/premium-and-discount-arbitrage/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/premium-and-discount-arbitrage/", "headline": "Premium and Discount Arbitrage", "description": "Trading price discrepancies where derivatives trade at abnormal premiums or discounts to spot. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2026-03-11T20:58:52+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-03-11T21:01:02+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/algorithmic-volatility-arbitrage-mechanism-for-futures-contracts-and-high-frequency-execution-on-decentralized-exchanges.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "A high-tech, star-shaped object with a white spike on one end and a green and blue component on the other, set against a dark blue background. 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The bands transition in color, starting with dark blue on the outer layers and progressing to light blue, beige, and vibrant green at the core, creating a sense of dynamic depth and complexity." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/curve-analysis/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/curve-analysis/", "headline": "Curve Analysis", "description": "The mathematical mapping of volatility or yield across time and price to uncover asset mispricing and risk exposure. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2026-03-12T08:51:37+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-03-12T08:52:21+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/decentralized-derivatives-protocol-automation-and-smart-contract-collateralization-mechanism.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "A detailed cross-section reveals the internal components of a precision mechanical device, showcasing a series of metallic gears and shafts encased within a dark blue housing. Bright green rings function as seals or bearings, highlighting specific points of high-precision interaction within the intricate system." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/theta-decay-curve/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/theta-decay-curve/", "headline": "Theta Decay Curve", "description": "A visual representation of how an option's time value erodes at an accelerating rate toward maturity. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2026-03-12T17:09:31+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-03-30T14:31:09+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/automated-market-maker-architecture-depicting-dynamic-liquidity-streams-and-options-pricing-via-request-for-quote-systems.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "A macro view of a dark blue, stylized casing revealing a complex internal structure. Vibrant blue flowing elements contrast with a white roller component and a green button, suggesting a high-tech mechanism." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/curve-fitting/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/definition/curve-fitting/", "headline": "Curve Fitting", "description": "Over-optimizing a model to historical data, capturing random noise and failing to perform on future market conditions. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2026-03-13T11:36:15+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-03-13T11:36:32+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/multi-layered-smart-contract-structure-for-options-trading-and-defi-collateralization-architecture.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "A dark blue background contrasts with a complex, interlocking abstract structure at the center. The framework features dark blue outer layers, a cream-colored inner layer, and vibrant green segments that glow." } } ], "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/precision-design-of-a-synthetic-derivative-mechanism-for-automated-decentralized-options-trading-strategies.jpg" } } ``` --- **Original URL:** https://term.greeks.live/area/discount-curve/resource/1/