# Crypto Asset Returns ⎊ Area ⎊ Resource 1 --- ## What is the Return of Crypto Asset Returns? Crypto asset returns represent the total gain or loss experienced on an investment in a cryptocurrency over a specified period, encompassing price appreciation, staking rewards, and yield farming incentives. These returns are fundamentally influenced by market supply and demand dynamics, network effects, and broader macroeconomic conditions, differing significantly from traditional asset classes due to inherent volatility. Accurate measurement necessitates consideration of transaction costs, exchange fees, and potential tax implications, impacting net profitability for investors. Consequently, sophisticated risk management strategies are crucial for navigating the complexities of these returns. ## What is the Analysis of Crypto Asset Returns? Analyzing crypto asset returns involves employing quantitative methods such as time series analysis, volatility modeling, and correlation studies to identify patterns and predict future performance. Sharpe ratios, Sortino ratios, and maximum drawdown calculations are frequently utilized to assess risk-adjusted returns, providing insights into the efficiency of investment strategies. Furthermore, on-chain analytics, examining transaction data and network activity, offers a complementary perspective to traditional financial analysis, revealing underlying market sentiment and potential price movements. ## What is the Risk of Crypto Asset Returns? The inherent risk associated with crypto asset returns stems from factors including regulatory uncertainty, technological vulnerabilities, and market manipulation, demanding a comprehensive understanding of potential downside scenarios. Portfolio diversification, position sizing, and the utilization of hedging instruments, such as options and futures, are essential components of mitigating these risks. Evaluating the correlation of crypto assets with other asset classes, and understanding the impact of black swan events, are also critical considerations for informed investment decisions. --- ## [Crypto Options](https://term.greeks.live/definition/crypto-options/) Derivative contracts granting the right to trade crypto at set prices by a specific date without any obligation to do so. ⎊ Definition ## [Crypto Derivatives](https://term.greeks.live/term/crypto-derivatives/) Meaning ⎊ Crypto derivatives are essential financial instruments that enable programmable risk transfer in decentralized markets, allowing for complex hedging and yield generation strategies within a transparent, permissionless infrastructure. ⎊ Definition ## [Risk-Adjusted Returns](https://term.greeks.live/definition/risk-adjusted-returns/) Performance metrics that normalize investment returns based on the level of risk assumed to achieve those results. ⎊ Definition ## [Stochastic Volatility Models](https://term.greeks.live/definition/stochastic-volatility-models/) Mathematical models that treat volatility as a random variable to better capture the unpredictable nature of market swings. ⎊ Definition ## [Crypto Options Derivatives](https://term.greeks.live/term/crypto-options-derivatives/) Meaning ⎊ Crypto options derivatives offer non-linear risk exposure, serving as essential tools for managing volatility and leverage in decentralized markets. ⎊ Definition ## [Macro-Crypto Correlation](https://term.greeks.live/definition/macro-crypto-correlation/) The study of how macroeconomic factors and monetary policy influence the price movements of digital assets. ⎊ Definition ## [Crypto Options Pricing](https://term.greeks.live/term/crypto-options-pricing/) Meaning ⎊ Crypto options pricing is the essential mechanism for quantifying and transferring risk in decentralized markets, requiring models that account for high volatility and non-normal distributions. ⎊ Definition ## [Tail Risk Management](https://term.greeks.live/definition/tail-risk-management/) Strategic efforts to mitigate exposure to extreme, infrequent, and catastrophic market events outside normal volatility. ⎊ Definition ## [Vega Risk Management](https://term.greeks.live/definition/vega-risk-management/) Practices to monitor and reduce portfolio sensitivity to changes in implied volatility. ⎊ Definition ## [Crypto Volatility](https://term.greeks.live/term/crypto-volatility/) Meaning ⎊ Crypto volatility is a measure of price uncertainty that, when formalized through derivatives, enables sophisticated risk management and speculation on market sentiment. ⎊ Definition ## [Leptokurtosis](https://term.greeks.live/definition/leptokurtosis/) Distribution feature characterized by a high peak and heavy tails, indicating a higher probability of extreme events. ⎊ Definition ## [Crypto Options Markets](https://term.greeks.live/term/crypto-options-markets/) Meaning ⎊ Crypto Options Markets facilitate asymmetric risk transfer and volatility exposure management through decentralized financial instruments. ⎊ Definition ## [Crypto Options Trading](https://term.greeks.live/term/crypto-options-trading/) Meaning ⎊ Crypto options trading enables sophisticated risk management and capital efficiency through non-linear payoffs in decentralized financial systems. ⎊ Definition ## [Non-Gaussian Returns](https://term.greeks.live/term/non-gaussian-returns/) Meaning ⎊ Non-Gaussian returns define the fat-tailed, asymmetric risk profile of crypto assets, requiring advanced models and robust risk architectures for derivative pricing and systemic stability. ⎊ Definition ## [Crypto Derivatives Market](https://term.greeks.live/term/crypto-derivatives-market/) Meaning ⎊ Crypto derivatives enable sophisticated risk transfer and speculation on price volatility, moving beyond simple spot trading to create a capital-efficient market structure. ⎊ Definition ## [Crypto Market Dynamics](https://term.greeks.live/term/crypto-market-dynamics/) Meaning ⎊ Derivative Market Architecture explores the technical and economic design of decentralized systems for risk transfer, moving beyond traditional financial models to account for blockchain constraints and systemic resilience. ⎊ Definition ## [Crypto Options Protocols](https://term.greeks.live/term/crypto-options-protocols/) Meaning ⎊ Crypto options protocols facilitate non-linear risk transfer on-chain by automating options creation, pricing, and settlement through smart contracts. ⎊ Definition ## [Crypto Market Volatility](https://term.greeks.live/term/crypto-market-volatility/) Meaning ⎊ Crypto market volatility, driven by reflexive feedback loops and unique market microstructure, requires advanced derivative strategies to manage risk and exploit the persistent volatility risk premium. ⎊ Definition ## [Crypto Interest Rate Curve](https://term.greeks.live/term/crypto-interest-rate-curve/) Meaning ⎊ The Crypto Interest Rate Curve represents the fragmented term structure of borrowing costs across decentralized lending protocols and derivative markets. ⎊ Definition ## [Risk-Free Rate in Crypto](https://term.greeks.live/term/risk-free-rate-in-crypto/) Meaning ⎊ The crypto risk-free rate is a constructed benchmark derived from protocol-level yields, essential for accurate options pricing and risk management in decentralized finance. ⎊ Definition ## [Crypto Derivatives Risk](https://term.greeks.live/term/crypto-derivatives-risk/) Meaning ⎊ Crypto derivatives risk, particularly liquidation cascades, stems from the systemic fragility of high-leverage automated margin systems operating on volatile assets without traditional market safeguards. ⎊ Definition ## [Crypto Options Market](https://term.greeks.live/term/crypto-options-market/) Meaning ⎊ The Crypto Options Market serves as a critical mechanism for transferring volatility risk and enabling non-linear payoff structures within decentralized financial systems. ⎊ Definition ## [Crypto Derivatives Pricing](https://term.greeks.live/term/crypto-derivatives-pricing/) Meaning ⎊ Crypto derivatives pricing is the dynamic valuation of risk in decentralized markets, requiring models that adapt to high volatility, heavy tails, and systemic liquidity risks. ⎊ Definition ## [Non-Normal Returns](https://term.greeks.live/term/non-normal-returns/) Meaning ⎊ Non-normal returns in crypto options, defined by high kurtosis and negative skewness, fundamentally increase the probability of extreme price movements, demanding advanced risk models. ⎊ Definition ## [Crypto Options Portfolio Stress Testing](https://term.greeks.live/term/crypto-options-portfolio-stress-testing/) Meaning ⎊ Crypto Options Portfolio Stress Testing assesses non-linear risk exposure and systemic vulnerabilities in decentralized markets by simulating extreme scenarios beyond traditional models. ⎊ Definition ## [Crypto Risk Free Rate](https://term.greeks.live/term/crypto-risk-free-rate/) Meaning ⎊ The Crypto Risk Free Rate is a critical, yet elusive, input for options pricing models in decentralized finance, where it must account for inherent smart contract and stablecoin risks. ⎊ Definition ## [Crypto Derivatives Compendium](https://term.greeks.live/term/crypto-derivatives-compendium/) Meaning ⎊ The Crypto Derivatives Compendium provides a framework for designing resilient, on-chain financial systems that manage volatility and leverage in a permissionless environment. ⎊ Definition ## [Crypto Options Risk Management](https://term.greeks.live/term/crypto-options-risk-management/) Meaning ⎊ Crypto options risk management is the application of advanced quantitative models to mitigate non-normal volatility and systemic risks within decentralized financial systems. ⎊ Definition ## [Non-Linear Pricing Dynamics](https://term.greeks.live/term/non-linear-pricing-dynamics/) Meaning ⎊ Non-linear pricing dynamics describe how option values change disproportionately to underlying price movements, driven by high volatility and specific on-chain protocol mechanics. ⎊ Definition ## [Crypto Options Compendium](https://term.greeks.live/term/crypto-options-compendium/) Meaning ⎊ The Crypto Options Compendium explores how volatility skew in decentralized markets functions as a critical indicator of systemic risk and potential liquidation cascades. ⎊ Definition --- ## 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Bright green ribbons trace the contours of these indentations, revealing a pale off-white spherical form at the core of the largest depression." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/crypto-options-protocols/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/crypto-options-protocols/", "headline": "Crypto Options Protocols", "description": "Meaning ⎊ Crypto options protocols facilitate non-linear risk transfer on-chain by automating options creation, pricing, and settlement through smart contracts. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2025-12-15T09:08:09+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-01-04T14:39:42+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/algorithmic-execution-engine-for-decentralized-liquidity-protocols-and-options-trading-derivatives.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "A stylized, cross-sectional view shows a blue and teal object with a green propeller at one end. The internal mechanism, including a light-colored structural component, is exposed, revealing the functional parts of the device." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/crypto-market-volatility/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/crypto-market-volatility/", "headline": "Crypto Market Volatility", "description": "Meaning ⎊ Crypto market volatility, driven by reflexive feedback loops and unique market microstructure, requires advanced derivative strategies to manage risk and exploit the persistent volatility risk premium. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2025-12-15T10:05:07+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-01-04T15:01:40+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/advanced-algorithmic-trading-system-for-high-frequency-crypto-derivatives-market-analysis.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "The image displays a high-tech, multi-layered structure with aerodynamic lines and a central glowing blue element. The design features a palette of deep blue, beige, and vibrant green, creating a futuristic and precise aesthetic." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/crypto-interest-rate-curve/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/crypto-interest-rate-curve/", "headline": "Crypto Interest Rate Curve", "description": "Meaning ⎊ The Crypto Interest Rate Curve represents the fragmented term structure of borrowing costs across decentralized lending protocols and derivative markets. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2025-12-16T08:40:49+00:00", "dateModified": "2025-12-16T08:40:49+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/interoperability-protocol-architecture-smart-contract-execution-cross-chain-asset-collateralization-dynamics.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "The image displays a cross-sectional view of two dark blue, speckled cylindrical objects meeting at a central point. Internal mechanisms, including light green and tan components like gears and bearings, are visible at the point of interaction." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/risk-free-rate-in-crypto/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/risk-free-rate-in-crypto/", "headline": "Risk-Free Rate in Crypto", "description": "Meaning ⎊ The crypto risk-free rate is a constructed benchmark derived from protocol-level yields, essential for accurate options pricing and risk management in decentralized finance. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2025-12-16T09:20:58+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-01-04T15:45:47+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/decentralized-finance-smart-contract-architecture-collateral-debt-position-risk-engine-mechanism.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "A high-resolution 3D render displays a stylized, angular device featuring a central glowing green cylinder. The device’s complex housing incorporates dark blue, teal, and off-white components, suggesting advanced, precision engineering." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/crypto-derivatives-risk/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/crypto-derivatives-risk/", "headline": "Crypto Derivatives Risk", "description": "Meaning ⎊ Crypto derivatives risk, particularly liquidation cascades, stems from the systemic fragility of high-leverage automated margin systems operating on volatile assets without traditional market safeguards. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2025-12-16T10:56:18+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-01-04T16:06:45+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/synthesizing-multi-layered-crypto-derivatives-architecture-for-complex-collateralized-positions-and-risk-management.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "A dark blue, stylized frame holds a complex assembly of multi-colored rings, consisting of cream, blue, and glowing green components. The concentric layers fit together precisely, suggesting a high-tech mechanical or data-flow system on a dark background." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/crypto-options-market/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/crypto-options-market/", "headline": "Crypto Options Market", "description": "Meaning ⎊ The Crypto Options Market serves as a critical mechanism for transferring volatility risk and enabling non-linear payoff structures within decentralized financial systems. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2025-12-17T09:51:20+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-01-04T16:40:38+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/precision-engineered-protocol-mechanics-for-decentralized-finance-yield-generation-and-options-pricing.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "A cutaway view reveals the internal mechanism of a cylindrical device, showcasing several components on a central shaft. The structure includes bearings and impeller-like elements, highlighted by contrasting colors of teal and off-white against a dark blue casing, suggesting a high-precision flow or power generation system." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/crypto-derivatives-pricing/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/crypto-derivatives-pricing/", "headline": "Crypto Derivatives Pricing", "description": "Meaning ⎊ Crypto derivatives pricing is the dynamic valuation of risk in decentralized markets, requiring models that adapt to high volatility, heavy tails, and systemic liquidity risks. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2025-12-19T08:42:12+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-01-04T17:12:46+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/algorithmic-strategy-interoperability-visualization-for-decentralized-finance-liquidity-pooling-and-complex-derivatives-pricing.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "A close-up view shows swirling, abstract forms in deep blue, bright green, and beige, converging towards a central vortex. The glossy surfaces create a sense of fluid movement and complexity, highlighted by distinct color channels." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/non-normal-returns/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/non-normal-returns/", "headline": "Non-Normal Returns", "description": "Meaning ⎊ Non-normal returns in crypto options, defined by high kurtosis and negative skewness, fundamentally increase the probability of extreme price movements, demanding advanced risk models. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2025-12-19T09:39:58+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-01-04T17:31:19+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/algorithmic-execution-engine-for-decentralized-liquidity-protocols-and-options-trading-derivatives.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "A stylized, cross-sectional view shows a blue and teal object with a green propeller at one end. The internal mechanism, including a light-colored structural component, is exposed, revealing the functional parts of the device." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/crypto-options-portfolio-stress-testing/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/crypto-options-portfolio-stress-testing/", "headline": "Crypto Options Portfolio Stress Testing", "description": "Meaning ⎊ Crypto Options Portfolio Stress Testing assesses non-linear risk exposure and systemic vulnerabilities in decentralized markets by simulating extreme scenarios beyond traditional models. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2025-12-19T09:43:22+00:00", "dateModified": "2025-12-19T09:43:22+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/tokenomics-and-exotic-derivatives-portfolio-structuring-visualizing-asset-interoperability-and-hedging-strategies.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "A row of sleek, rounded objects in dark blue, light cream, and green are arranged in a diagonal pattern, creating a sense of sequence and depth. The different colored components feature subtle blue accents on the dark blue items, highlighting distinct elements in the array." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/crypto-risk-free-rate/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/crypto-risk-free-rate/", "headline": "Crypto Risk Free Rate", "description": "Meaning ⎊ The Crypto Risk Free Rate is a critical, yet elusive, input for options pricing models in decentralized finance, where it must account for inherent smart contract and stablecoin risks. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2025-12-20T09:30:28+00:00", "dateModified": "2025-12-20T09:30:28+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/interconnected-complex-financial-derivatives-and-cryptocurrency-interoperability-mechanisms-visualized-as-collateralized-swaps.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "A digital rendering depicts several smooth, interconnected tubular strands in varying shades of blue, green, and cream, forming a complex knot-like structure. The glossy surfaces reflect light, emphasizing the intricate weaving pattern where the strands overlap and merge." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/crypto-derivatives-compendium/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/crypto-derivatives-compendium/", "headline": "Crypto Derivatives Compendium", "description": "Meaning ⎊ The Crypto Derivatives Compendium provides a framework for designing resilient, on-chain financial systems that manage volatility and leverage in a permissionless environment. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2025-12-21T09:35:50+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-01-04T18:55:00+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/advanced-algorithmic-trading-system-for-high-frequency-crypto-derivatives-market-analysis.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "The image displays a high-tech, multi-layered structure with aerodynamic lines and a central glowing blue element. The design features a palette of deep blue, beige, and vibrant green, creating a futuristic and precise aesthetic." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/crypto-options-risk-management/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/crypto-options-risk-management/", "headline": "Crypto Options Risk Management", "description": "Meaning ⎊ Crypto options risk management is the application of advanced quantitative models to mitigate non-normal volatility and systemic risks within decentralized financial systems. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2025-12-22T09:23:51+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-01-04T19:49:51+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/secure-smart-contract-integration-for-decentralized-derivatives-collateralization-and-liquidity-management-protocols.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "A close-up view captures the secure junction point of a high-tech apparatus, featuring a central blue cylinder marked with a precise grid pattern, enclosed by a robust dark blue casing and a contrasting beige ring. The background features a vibrant green line suggesting dynamic energy flow or data transmission within the system." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/non-linear-pricing-dynamics/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/non-linear-pricing-dynamics/", "headline": "Non-Linear Pricing Dynamics", "description": "Meaning ⎊ Non-linear pricing dynamics describe how option values change disproportionately to underlying price movements, driven by high volatility and specific on-chain protocol mechanics. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2025-12-23T08:07:04+00:00", "dateModified": "2025-12-23T08:07:04+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/complex-derivative-pricing-model-execution-automated-market-maker-liquidity-dynamics-and-volatility-hedging.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "The image depicts a close-up perspective of two arched structures emerging from a granular green surface, partially covered by flowing, dark blue material. The central focus reveals complex, gear-like mechanical components within the arches, suggesting an engineered system." } }, { "@type": "Article", "@id": "https://term.greeks.live/term/crypto-options-compendium/", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/term/crypto-options-compendium/", "headline": "Crypto Options Compendium", "description": "Meaning ⎊ The Crypto Options Compendium explores how volatility skew in decentralized markets functions as a critical indicator of systemic risk and potential liquidation cascades. ⎊ Definition", "datePublished": "2025-12-23T09:07:05+00:00", "dateModified": "2026-01-04T20:47:42+00:00", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Greeks.live", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/author/greeks-live/" }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/advanced-algorithmic-trading-probe-for-high-frequency-crypto-derivatives-market-surveillance-and-liquidity-provision.jpg", "width": 3850, "height": 2166, "caption": "A sleek, futuristic probe-like object is rendered against a dark blue background. The object features a dark blue central body with sharp, faceted elements and lighter-colored off-white struts extending from it." } } ], "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://term.greeks.live/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/automated-market-maker-protocol-structure-demonstrating-decentralized-options-collateralized-liquidity-dynamics.jpg" } } ``` --- **Original URL:** https://term.greeks.live/area/crypto-asset-returns/resource/1/